Effect of Yeast Culture Supplement on Ruminal Microbial Populations and Metabolism in Buffalo Calves Fed a High Roughage Diet

Kumar, Umesh; Sareen, V. K.; Singh, Sudarshan

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199702)73:2<231::aid-jsfa710>3.3.co;2-4

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…A live calf at 70 d of age represented a net gain of $750/heifer and $300/bull. and rumen VFA concentration (Quigley et al, 1992;Kumar et al, 1997), which could benefit rumen health and development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Incorporation of microbial additives such as a culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the diet has become a common practice in ruminant nutrition. Various S. cerevisiae-based products have been shown to affect DMI, rumen pH, and nutrient digestibility (Callaway and Martin, 1997;Kumar et al, 1997;Dann et al, 2000), but most studies have been conducted with lactating cows or in vitro. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that yeasts and yeast cultures stimulate growth of rumen cellulolytic bacteria (Callaway and Martin, 1997), which is critical for carbohydrate digestion and rumen development in newborn calves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Feeding Yeast Culture on Performance, Health, and Immunocompetence of Dairy Calves

Magalhães

Susca

Lima

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Science

148

114

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Objectives were to determine effects of feeding a culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on performance, health, and immunocompetence of calves in the first 70 d of age. Holstein calves (n = 512) at 2 +/- 1 d of age were randomly assigned to yeast culture (YC, 218 females and 37 males) or control (223 females and 34 males). Yeast culture was fed at 2% of the grain dry matter. All calves received colostrum during the first 24 h, pasteurized milk thereafter until 60 d of age, and grain was fed ad libitum for the first 70 d of age. Calves were housed in individual hutches, and grain intake was measured 5 d/wk. Body weight was measured at 5, 30, and 68 d of age, and attitude and fecal consistency were scored daily. Incidence and duration of health disorders and treatments were recorded. Neutrophil phagocytic and killing activities and antibody response to immunization with ovalbumin were measured. Concentrations of glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate were measured in plasma. Grain intake did not differ between treatments and averaged 908 g/d throughout the study. Body weight change, concentrations of glucose, and 3-hydroxybutyrate did not differ between YC and control. Minor effects on neutrophil function were observed, and YC tended to increase the number of phagocytized bacteria and killing of phagocytized bacteria but did not influence humoral immune response. Attitude scores were similar between treatments throughout the study. Almost all calves experienced mild diarrhea during the study, but feeding YC improved fecal scores, reduced days with watery feces, incidence of fever and diarrhea, and risk of health disorders. Because of the high incidence of diarrhea, mortality preweaning was also high, but YC improved survival of calves by decreasing mortality rate past 13 d of age. Income at the end of the study was improved by $48/calf with YC. Feeding yeast culture in grain improved health, minimized frequency of health treatments, and reduced risk of morbidity and mortality in dairy calves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Feeding Yeast Culture on Performance, Health, and Immunocompetence of Dairy Calves

Magalhães

Susca

Lima

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Science

148

114

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“…However, Moore et al (1994) observed that horses consuming a 50:50 and 70:30 concentrate to roughage diets supplemented with YC had increased numbers of cellulolytic and lactate utilizing bacteria, respectively, in the cecum. Kumar et al (1997) also showed that YC added to a high roughage diet and fed to buffalo calves increased rumen concentrations of cellulolytic bacteria.…”

Section: CDmentioning

confidence: 93%

Effect of yeast culture on in vitro fermentation of a high-concentrate or high-fiber diet using equine fecal inoculum in a Daisy II incubator1

Lattimer

Cooper

Freeman

et al. 2007

Journal of Animal Science

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Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of a closed system, fermentation apparatus (Daisy II incubator) and determine the effects of a yeast culture (YC) preparation (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on in vitro microbial populations, diet digestion, and fermentation patterns in horses. In Exp. 1, 4 mature horses were fed a pelleted concentrate and alfalfa cubes in a 50:50 (%, as-fed) ratio. Fecal samples were taken from each horse to form the inoculum and placed in 4 separate incubation vessels. Twenty nylon bags (10 with 0.25 g and 10 with 0.50 g of the total mixed diet) were placed in each vessel, and in vitro fermentation was carried out for 48 h to determine DM, NDF, and ADF digestibility. In Exp. 2, fecal samples were taken from 4 mature horses consuming either a high-concentrate (HC) or high-fiber (HF) diet. Filter bags containing the HC or HF diet were added to the 4 incubation vessels along with their respective inoculums. Yeast culture was added to 2 of the vessels containing the HC or HF diet, whereas the other 2 vessels served as controls. Vessels were incubated as in Exp. 1 with samples taken at 24 and 48 h. Filter bags were used to determine DM, NDF, ADF, and OM digestibility, whereas vessel fluid was analyzed for lactate, ammonia, VFA, and microbial concentrations. Results of Exp. 1 indicated that DM, NDF, and ADF digestibility were greater (P < 0.05), whereas the corresponding CV was lower (P < 0.05) for the 0.25- vs. the 0.50-g sample size. In Exp. 2, YC tended (P = 0.10) to decrease ammonia concentrations in the HF diet and increased (P < 0.05) acetate production in the HC diet when compared with the control. There were no effects of YC on pH, lactate, or the measured microbial populations, as well as DM, NDF, or ADF digestibility. The results did, however, show that in vitro and in vivo DM digestibility estimates were similar within a diet. Data from Exp. 1 indicated that the 0.25-g sample size provides a more accurate estimate of DM digestibility with less variation. Although YC had little, if any, effect in Exp. 2, the results indicated that the Daisy II incubator does provide valid estimates of total tract DM digestibility in the horse. These data provide further evidence that this process would be an effective and practical means of approximating the digestibility of diets with varying concentrate to forage ratios.

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“…However, results are somewhat inconsistent throughout the literature, partially because of confounding effects of ration composition, level of yeast culture inclusion, and source of yeast culture product tested (Williams et al, 1991). In addition, only a few studies have utilized pre-ruminant dairy calves (Wagner et al, 1990;Quigley et al, 1992;Seymour et al, 1995;Kumar et al, 1997). When brewer's yeast (Seymour et al, 1995) or live yeast (Wagner et al, 1990;Quigley et al, 1992) was included in calf diets at levels between 0.001% and 1.00%, DMI, average daily gain (ADG), percentage of days scoured (DS), rumen ammonia, rumen lactic acid production, and ruminal propionate were either decreased or not affected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When brewer's yeast (Seymour et al, 1995) or live yeast (Wagner et al, 1990;Quigley et al, 1992) was included in calf diets at levels between 0.001% and 1.00%, DMI, average daily gain (ADG), percentage of days scoured (DS), rumen ammonia, rumen lactic acid production, and ruminal propionate were either decreased or not affected. However, yeast culture has increased feed efficiency (FE), rumen pH, total ruminal VFA concentration, and ruminal butyrate and acetate production when included in calf diets (Quigley et al, 1992;Kumar et al, 1997). Williams et al (1991) suggested that calf diet supplementation with yeast culture may increase rumen pH regulation via reduced lactic acid production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Supplemental Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Culture on Rumen Development, Growth Characteristics, and Blood Parameters in Neonatal Dairy Calves

Lesmeister

Heinrichs

Gabler

2004

Journal of Dairy Science

202

156

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Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) culture was added to a texturized calf starter at 0 (control), 1, or 2% of dry matter to determine effects on intake, growth, blood parameters, and rumen development. Seventy-five Holstein calves (38 male; 37 female) were started on the experiment at 2 +/- 1 d of age and were studied for 42 d. Starter intake was measured, and fecal scoring was conducted daily. Growth and blood parameter measurements were recorded at weekly intervals. A subset of 6 male calves (2 per treatment) was euthanized at 5 wk of age, and rumen tissue was sampled for rumen epithelial growth measurements. An additional 6 male calves were euthanized at 6 wk of age for rumen epithelial growth measurements. Inclusion of yeast culture at 2% of the starter ration significantly increased starter and total dry matter intake, average daily gain, and daily hip width change when compared with the control treatment. Average daily gain was improved by 15.6% for the 2% yeast treatment. Daily change in hip height was also significantly greater for calves receiving 2% supplemental yeast culture than for calves receiving 1%. No significant treatment differences were observed for any other variables. These data suggest that the addition of yeast culture in a dairy calf starter at 2% enhances dry matter intake and growth and slightly improves rumen development in dairy calves.

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Effect of Yeast Culture Supplement on Ruminal Microbial Populations and Metabolism in Buffalo Calves Fed a High Roughage Diet

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of Feeding Yeast Culture on Performance, Health, and Immunocompetence of Dairy Calves

Effect of Feeding Yeast Culture on Performance, Health, and Immunocompetence of Dairy Calves

Effect of yeast culture on in vitro fermentation of a high-concentrate or high-fiber diet using equine fecal inoculum in a Daisy II incubator1

Effects of Supplemental Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) Culture on Rumen Development, Growth Characteristics, and Blood Parameters in Neonatal Dairy Calves

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