Effect of Yerbimat Herbicide on Lipid Peroxidation, Catalase Activity, and Histological Damage in Gills and Liver of the Freshwater Fish Goodea Atripinnis

Abstract

The use of herbicides for agricultural and aquatic weed control has increased worldwide. These substances are potentially toxic pollutants because they induce the production of reactive oxygen species for biological systems and exert oxidative stress in nontarget organisms living in the treated aquatic systems. Recent evidence suggests differences in the toxicity of glyphosate in the form of an active ingredient compared to the toxicity of glyphosate in combination with surfactants, such as those found in commercial formulations. In Mexico, one of the most widely used glyphosate-based herbicides is Yerbimat, which has agricultural as well as aquatic weed control applications. However, there are no aquatic toxicity data, particularly regarding native fish. Therefore, we determined the acute toxicity of commercial-formulation Yerbimat in a static bioassay at 96 h (LC(50)). We also determined its toxicity at 96 h in sublethal concentrations to assess the lipid peroxidation levels (LPX), catalase activity, hepatic glycogen content, and histological damage in the liver and gills of the fish Goodea atripinnis associated with chronic exposure (75 days). The LC(50) was 38.95 ± 0.33 mg/L. The results of the short-term exposure study indicate that Yerbimat can potentially induce oxidative stress in G. atripinnis, because LPX was increased in the gills and liver. Catalase activity was reduced in the gills but increased in the liver, whereas hepatic glycogen was depleted. Chronic exposure was associated with histopathological damage in the gills and liver, some of which was irreversible. Yerbimat represents a potential risk for aquatic biota; therefore, we recommend that its application be carefully considered.

Evaluation of biochemical, hematological and oxidative parameters in mice exposed to the herbicide glyphosate-Roundup®

“…However, few studies were performed using mammals and most of the earlier works used aquatic organisms sensitive to the herbicide (Lushchak et al , 2009; Modesto & Martinez, 2010a; 2010b; Ortiz-Ordoñez et al , 2011). It is therefore important to investigate the effects of glyphosate on mammals to establish relevant toxicity parameters, as well as to identify possible treatments in cases of occupational or accidental poisoning.…”

Commercial formulation containing 2,4-D affects biochemical parameters and morphological indices of silver catfish exposed for 90 days

“…Herbicides have the potential to induce reactive oxygen species in biological systems, leading to oxidative stress in nontarget organisms. These substances frequently cause damage to lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids Ü ner et al 2005;Ortiz-Ordonez et al 2011). Cells have an antioxidant defense system to neutralize the effects of free radicals such as superoxide anion radicals (O 2 Á-) and hydroxyl radicals (HO Á ) (Monteiro et al 2006;Sevgiler et al 2007).…”

Subcellular energy balance of Odontesthes bonariensis exposed to a glyphosate-based herbicide

“…Changes in glycogen energetic metabolism, more specifically glycogen depletion in fish after exposure to formulated of PMG were found (Ortiz-Ordoñez et al, 2011;Shiogiri et al, 2012). Glycogen content is a parameter that reflects the state of energy reserves, while ATP and PCr are the molecules that represent the immediate sources of energy at the subcellular level.…”