Effect of yoga on the menstrual pain, physical fitness, and quality of life of young women with primary dysmenorrhea

Physical activity for primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…This resulted in a total of 1681 participants across all included studies. [47][48][49][50][51][52][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66] Details of these studies are presented in Table 1. Included studies were small or medium sized single-centre trials from a range of countries but primarily Iran or India.…”

“…Most studies recruited university students. Diagnosis of primary dysmenorrhea was usually based on clinical history, 47 48,52,59,61 or Kegels exercises. 50,56,63,66 Ortiz 2015 used a mixed intervention.…”

“…The randomization process was not fully described for most studies [47][48][49]51,55,56,58,60,61,[64][65][66] and allocation concealment was only performed in two studies. 50,59 No studies reported blinding participants to study purpose or group and only one study reported blinding outcome assessors. 50 Registered protocols were found for three studies, 49,51,56,64-66 of which two proposed outcomes that were not reported in the final study.…”

“…Results were sometimes reported incompletely; 50,51,55,65 for example, Aboushady 2016 55 did not report post-intervention pain intensity in the control group. Most studies had no loss to follow up, 49,51,52,55,56,58,59,[62][63][64][65][66] the remaining studies did not use intention to treat analysis 50,57,61 or are unclear. 47,48,60 Most biases would be expected to affect the results such that they increased the magnitude of the treatment effect.…”

Getting Rid of “Bomb Pushing the Womb”: Dysmenorrhea Management-Mini Review

“…Non-pharmacological self-care techniques or lifestyle interventions, either physical or psychological, that can be practiced by women themselves such as exercise (including yoga and Pilates), heat, meditation, aromatherapy, self-massage or acupressure may fulfil these criteria, allowing women to potentially reduce their menstrual pain and need for analgesics, and improve their HRQoL [46]. McGovern et al improvement method for women with primary dysmenorrhea [47][48][49][50]. The application of local heat can reduce muscle tension and relax abdominal muscles to reduce pain caused by muscle spasms.…”