Effect of young exosomes injected in aged mice

Abstract

IntroductionExosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles, are known to circulate through the blood stream to transfer molecular signals from tissue to tissue.MethodsTo determine whether exosomes affect aging in animals, we primarily identified the changes in exosomal miRNA contents during the aging process. In exosomes from 12-month-old mice, mmu-miR-126-5p and mmu-miR-466c-5p levels were decreased and mmu-miR-184-3p and mmu-miR-200b-5p levels were increased significantly compared with those of 3-month-old mice. Their levels in exosomes were partially correlated with those in tissues: levels of only mmu-miR-126-5p and mmu-miR-466c-5p in lungs and/or liver were decreased, but those of mmu-miR-184-3p and mmu-miR-200b-5p in tissues did not coincide with those of exosomes.Results and discussionIn the aged tissues injected with young exosomes isolated from serum, mmu-miR-126b-5p levels were reversed in the lungs and liver. Expression changes in aging-associated molecules in young exosome-injected mice were obvious: p16Ink4A, MTOR, and IGF1R were significantly downregulated in the lungs and/or liver of old mice. In addition, telomerase-related genes such as Men1, Mre11a, Tep1, Terf2, Tert, and Tnks were significantly upregulated in the liver of old mice after injection of young exosomes.ConclusionThese results indicate that exosomes from young mice could reverse the expression pattern of aging-associated molecules in aged mice. Eventually, exosomes may be used as a novel approach for the treatment and diagnosis of aging animals.

Brain Derived Exosomes Are a Double-Edged Sword in Alzheimer’s Disease

“…In contrast, while exosomes may play a role in the spreading of AD, some studies have shown a positive effect of introducing non-pathogenic exosomes to change disease duration and progression (Table 3). In animal studies, this therapeutic effect was found when exosomes from young mice were observed to significantly downregulate aging-associated signaling molecules such as IGF1R and upregulate telomeraserelated genes such as Men1, Mre11a, Tep1, Terf2, Tert, and Tnks in aged mice (Lee et al, 2018). Furthermore, exosomes injected into the brain of transgenic mouse models of AD can help to decrease toxic oligomers and fibrils in a microglial-dependent manner following intracerebral administration, contributing to the clearance of Aβ in vivo (Yuyama et al, 2012(Yuyama et al, , 2014Yuyama and Igarashi, 2017).…”

Melatonin Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of Plasma Exosomes Against Cerebral Ischemia-Induced Pyroptosis Through the TLR4/NF-κB Pathway

“…These nanocarriers contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which are the major mediators of cell–cell communication and play regulatory roles in several cellular processes such as immune regulation ( Vanni et al, 2017 ; Zhang X. et al, 2019 ). In addition, plasma exosomes from young individuals have been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects on ischemia ( Lee B.R. et al, 2018 ); nevertheless, the mechanism by which exosomes protect nerve cells from ischemia injury remains unclear.…”

miRNA expression profiling uncovers a role of miR‐302b‐3p in regulating skin fibroblasts senescence

“…Among these miRNAs, mmu-miR-184-3p have been observed upregulation in exosome of old mice. 7 Plasma miR-139-3p was found changing in age-related macular degeneration. 8 In addition, miR-186-3p was clarified to regulate cell cycle via targeting cyclin-dependent kinase 1.…”