“…Fine bubbles are successfully applied for the defouling of various surfaces, cleaning of sanitary facilities and in flotation processes (Tao, 2005; Wang, Wang, Yan, Wang, & Cao, 2017), and wastewater treatment (Wang et al, 2019; Khuntia, Majumder, & Ghosh, 2012; Temesgen, Bui, Han, Kim, & Park, 2017). The reported charged surface of small bubbles results in a lower coalescence, bursting tendency, and increased foam formation (Collins, Motarjemi, & Jameson, 1978; Huo et al, 2019; Oliveira & Rubio, 2011). In consequence, the introduced shear forces compared to macrobubbles are reduced as illustrated in Figure 1 (Duval, Adichtchev, Sirotkin, & Mermet, 2012; Ushikubo et al, 2010).…”