Effect of Zinc Deficiency during Lactation on Postnatal Growth and Development of Rats

Mutch, Patricia B.; Hurley, Lucille S.

doi:10.1093/jn/104.7.828

Cited by 83 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…We also detected the zinc transporter Slc30a2 (45) among the downregulated genes. Zinc is an important nutrient for mammals, particularly during the suckling period (46). Our data support this notion because Slc30a2 was highly expressed during the suckling period.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Gene Expression Changes in the Jejunum of Rats during the Transient Suckling-Weaning Period

Mochizuki

Yorita

Goda

2009

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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SummaryIt is well-known that the small intestine of rodents rapidly undergoes differentiation and maturation during the transient suckling-weaning period from postnatal days 13 to 27. In the present study, we examined the gene expression changes in the jejunum of rats during the transient suckling-weaning period by microarray analysis. In the microarray data, we found that the expressions of many genes related to digestion/absorption/ excretion of nutrients/ions, such as members of the solute carrier ( Slc ) family and ATP-binding cassette ( Abc ) subfamily, were rapidly induced during this period. Furthermore, some transcriptional factors/cofactors ( Thrsp , Ppargc1a , Klf15 and Vdr ), which are presumably important for the induction of intestinal gene expression after weaning, were rapidly induced during this period. In contrast, genes related to transport of nutrients, such as folate, zinc, fat and phosphate, which are important for early development, were highly expressed in the suckling period and then gradually decreased during weaning. These results indicate that the jejunum matures during the suckling-weaning period accompanied by changes in the expression of many genes related to digestion/absorption/excretion and some genes for transcriptional factors/cofactors. Key Words transient suckling-weaning period, jejunum, solute carrier family, ATP-binding cassette subfamily, transcriptional factors/cofactorsThe morphology of the small intestine in rodents changes dramatically during the first 2-3 wk after birth as they are gradually weaned. During this period, the diet composition changes from one with less carbohydrate (milk) to one rich in carbohydrate (solid food) ( 1 ). Several studies have already shown that the expressions of genes related to carbohydrate digestion/absorption, such as disaccharidases [sucrase-isomaltase ( Si ) and trehalase ( Treh )], which are involved in the digestion of starch/sucrose or trehalose into monosaccharides, and hexose transporters [SGLT1 ( Slc5a1 ), GLUT5 ( Slc2a5 ) and GLUT2 ( Slc2a2 )], which are involved in monosaccharide absorption from the lumen, are elevated between 2 and 3 wk after birth in rodents ( 2 -5 ). In addition, we previously reported that the gene expressions of liver-type fatty acid-binding protein [L-FABP ( Fabp1 )] and cellular retinol-binding protein type II [CRBPII ( Rbp2 )], which are involved in transporting fatty acids and vitamin A, respectively, from the lumen to enterocytes, as well as a ␤ -oxidation rate-controlling gene [acyl-CoA oxidase ( Acox1 )], were highly expressed in the transient suckling-weaning period, and declined after weaning ( 6 , 7 ). Furthermore, the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ␣ [PPAR ␣ ( Ppara )], a transcriptional factor for these genes, was associated with these gene expression changes ( 6 ).These changes during the transient suckling-weaning period may be regulated by the nutritional changes as well as hormones, such as thyroid hormone and glucocorticoid hormone, because such hormones ar...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Gene Expression Changes in the Jejunum of Rats during the Transient Suckling-Weaning Period

Mochizuki

Yorita

Goda

2009

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…Numerous cross-sectional and limited longitudinal studies have shown no consistent correlation between maternal dietary zinc intake and milk zinc concentration; however, it is only when maternal intakes are relatively high (33). Although animal studies have suggested marginal zinc intakes decreased zinc transfer to mammary gland and lower milk zinc concentration (36)(37)(38), the effect of low maternal zinc intakes during lactation has not been well determined in humans. Data from several developing countries where zinc intakes presumed to be low, such as Bangladesh (39), India (40), Ezypt (41), Nygeria (42), South Brazil (43) and Amazon (44) indicated that the breast milk zinc concentrations were relatively lower than those of well-nourished US women (45), though the comparison needs caution for interpretation since there were different methodologies used among the studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Status of Lactating Mothers and Their Breast Milk Concentration of Iron, Zinc and Copper in Rural Vietnam

Nakamori

Ninh²,

Isomura³

et al. 2009

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Breast milk is considered to be the best nutrient source for infants. However, nutritional compositions of breast milk in developing countries, especially among malnourished women, have not been fully investigated. This study aimed to assess nutritional status and nutrient composition of breast milk in lactating mothers in rural Vietnam. Sixty breastfeeding mothers at 6 to 12 mo postpartum, free from any medical disorder and/or medication, and not pregnant were randomly selected in Yen The, Bac Giang, Vietnam. Their nutritional status, breast milk concentration and dietary intakes were assessed. Among the study participants, anemia (39.0%) and low serum zinc concentration (55.4%) were frequently observed. Dietary assessment revealed lower intakes of iron (10.2 Ϯ 2.5 mg/d) and zinc (10.4 Ϯ 2.2 mg/d) than estimated requirements. The breast milk concentration of iron, zinc and copper was 0.43 Ϯ 0.15 mg/L, 0.56 (0.37, 0.82) mg/L and 0.19 Ϯ 0.05 mg/L, respectively. The breast milk concentration of iron, zinc and copper was not correlated to the serum concentration or dietary intakes. In conclusion, we uncovered a high prevalence of anemia and zinc deficiency in lactating mothers in rural Vietnam. The findings demonstrate a low breast milk zinc concentration among the participants, but need further investigation.

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“…We cannot answer the question s to what causes the fetal liver to st re so much more zinc per wet weight than the maternal liver. Since zinc deficient newboms show immediate growth disturbances [32], the zinc contained in the liver in our opinion does not represent storage for later use. In maternal liver tissue copper and zinc behave alike.…”

Section: Copper and Zincmentioning

confidence: 89%

The trace elements chromium, manganese, copper and zinc in fetal liver tissue

Seeling¹,

Fw²,

Dick³

et al. 1977

Journal of Perinatal Medicine

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Effect of Zinc Deficiency during Lactation on Postnatal Growth and Development of Rats

Cited by 83 publications

References 29 publications

Gene Expression Changes in the Jejunum of Rats during the Transient Suckling-Weaning Period

Gene Expression Changes in the Jejunum of Rats during the Transient Suckling-Weaning Period

Nutritional Status of Lactating Mothers and Their Breast Milk Concentration of Iron, Zinc and Copper in Rural Vietnam

The trace elements chromium, manganese, copper and zinc in fetal liver tissue

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