Effect of zinc supplementation on nutritional immune deficiency

Chevalier, Philippe; Sevilla, Ricardo; Zalles, Lourdes; Sejas, Edgar; Belmonte, Guadalupe

doi:10.1016/0271-5317(96)00018-8

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…MUAC reflects muscle mass, and this suggests that recovery of thymus size correlates with recovery of muscle mass. Similar observations were done in a study from Bolivia, where zinc supplementation accelerated both growth in MUAC and growth in thymus size [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Correlates of thymus size and changes during treatment of children with severe acute malnutrition: a cohort study

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe impairment of immune functions associated with malnutrition may be one reason for the high mortality in children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM), and thymus atrophy has been proposed as a marker of this immunodeficiency. The aim of this study was to identify nutritional and clinical correlates of thymus size in children with SAM, and predictors of change in thymus size with nutritional rehabilitation.MethodsIn an observational study among children aged 6–59 months admitted with SAM in Uganda, we measured thymus area by ultrasound on hospital admission to treatment with F75 and F100, on hospital discharge and after 8 weeks of nutritional rehabilitation with ready-to-use therapeutic food, as well as in well-nourished healthy children. We investigated anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and treatment-related correlates of area and growth of the thymus.ResultsEighty-five children with SAM with a median age of 16.5 months were included. On admission 27% of the children had a thymus undetectable by ultrasound. Median thymus area was 1.3 cm2 in malnourished children, and 3.5 cm2 in healthy children (p < 0.001). Most anthropometric z-scores, hemoglobin and plasma phosphate correlated positively with thymus area. Thymus area correlated negatively with caretaker-reported severity of illness, plasma α-1 acid glycoprotein, and C-reactive protein >5 mg/L. At follow-up after 8 weeks, median thymus area had increased to 2.5 cm2 (p < 0.001). Increase in thymus area during treatment was associated with simultaneous increase in mid-upper-arm circumference, with 0.29 cm2 higher increase in thymus area per cm larger increment in MUAC (p = 0.03). Children whose F-75 had partially been replaced by rice porridge during their hospital admission had less increase in thymus area after 8 weeks.ConclusionMalnutrition and inflammation are associated with thymus atrophy, and thymus area seems positively associated with plasma phosphate. Substituting therapeutic formula with unfortified rice porridge with the aim of alleviating diarrhea may impair regain of thymus size with nutritional rehabilitation. This calls for research into possible effects of phosphate status on thymus size and other immunological markers.Trial registrationThe study is based on data from the FeedSAM study, ISRCTN55092738.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Correlates of thymus size and changes during treatment of children with severe acute malnutrition: a cohort study

et al. 2017

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“…These alterations are mediated at least in part by concomitant hormonal changes (152,352) and are thought to be reversible. Based on ultrasound images, the thymus recovers in size within 2 mo of nutrition rehabilitation (353,354). Recovery has not been well studied at the cellular level.…”

Section: Immune Organ Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritionally Mediated Programming of the Developing Immune System

Palmer

2011

Advances in Nutrition

181

165

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A growing body of evidence highlights the importance of a mother's nutrition from preconception through lactation in programming the emerging organ systems and homeostatic pathways of her offspring. The developing immune system may be particularly vulnerable. Indeed, examples of nutrition-mediated immune programming can be found in the literature on intra-uterine growth retardation, maternal micronutrient deficiencies, and infant feeding. Current models of immune ontogeny depict a "layered" expansion of increasingly complex defenses, which may be permanently altered by maternal malnutrition. One programming mechanism involves activation of the maternal hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis in response to nutritional stress. Fetal or neonatal exposure to elevated stress hormones is linked in animal studies to permanent changes in neuroendocrine-immune interactions, with diverse manifestations such as an attenuated inflammatory response or reduced resistance to tumor colonization. Maternal malnutrition may also have a direct influence, as evidenced by nutrient-driven epigenetic changes to developing T regulatory cells and subsequent risk of allergy or asthma. A 3rd programming pathway involves placental or breast milk transfer of maternal immune factors with immunomodulatory functions (e.g. cytokines). Maternal malnutrition can directly affect transfer mechanisms or influence the quality or quantity of transferred factors. The public health implications of nutrition-mediated immune programming are of particular importance in the developing world, where prevalent maternal undernutrition is coupled with persistent infectious challenges. However, early alterations to the immune system, resulting from either nutritional deficiencies or excesses, have broad relevance for immune-mediated diseases, such as asthma, and chronic inflammatory conditions like cardiovascular disease. Adv. Nutr. 2: 377-395, 2011. Current status of knowledgeOntogeny of the immune system A modern understanding of the origins and development of the immune system is fundamental to studying its nutritional

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“…En los dos grupos se tomó una muestra sanguínea para descartar cuadros infecciosos severos, anemia; se realizó coproparasitológicos y parcial de orina. Se valoró la antropometría general, se calculó el compartimiento graso y magro, de acuerdo a técnicas estandarizadas 25 . A demas de las condiciones clínicas, tolerancia alimentaria (apetito), el gasto fecal (cantidad, frecuencia de deposiciones), días de tratamiento, aporte calórico recibido.…”

Section: Materials Y Métodosunclassified

Hernia de Amyand, Manejo Quirúrgico ante un Diagnóstico Infrecuente

Muller¹,

Aparicio²,

Cozzi³

2022

Gac Med Bol

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La hernia de Amyand es un tipo raro de presentación de la hernia inguinal cuyo contenido es el apéndice cecal, con reportes de incidencia menor al 1%. Debido a la baja frecuencia en la presentación de este tipo de hernia, resulta interesante analizar el caso de un paciente masculino de 80 años con cuadro clínico de dolor inguinal derecho de inicio súbito e imágenes compatibles con una hernia inguinal derecha complicada. El hallazgo del apéndice cecal durante el tiempo operatorio resulta impactante, donde finalmente se decide realizar una hernioplastía asociada a apendicectomía. Es conocido que la hernioplastía está entre los procedimientos más frecuentes y con técnicas quirúrgicas estandarizadas. Sin embargo, en la literatura encontramos divergencia sobre el manejo adecuado de una hernia tipo Amyand.

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Effect of zinc supplementation on nutritional immune deficiency

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Correlates of thymus size and changes during treatment of children with severe acute malnutrition: a cohort study

Correlates of thymus size and changes during treatment of children with severe acute malnutrition: a cohort study

Nutritionally Mediated Programming of the Developing Immune System

Hernia de Amyand, Manejo Quirúrgico ante un Diagnóstico Infrecuente

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