Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Body Composition in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis

The Importance of Micronutrient Adequacy in Obesity and the Potential of Microbiota Interventions to Support It

“…The dose could be of importance for the effect of supplementation in humans, as a meta-analysis by Muley (2022) found that administration of vitamin B1 only at 120 mg/day allowed for a statistically significant and greater reduction of TG levels in T2D patients (MD −97.4 mg/dL) [91]. Other micronutrients that showed dose-dependent performance in the regulation of lipid homeostasis were Ca (be er effects at ≥1 g [94]), Se (at 200 µg/day [109]), Zn (at ≥50 mg/day for TG but <50 mg/day for TC, LDL and HDL [88]), Cr (at >500 µg/day [59]), vitamin D (at ≥4000 IU/day [89]), vitamin C (at <1000 mg/day [90]), and vitamin B9 (at ≥5 mg/day [92]).…”

“…Meta-analyses reported significant beneficial effects of supplementing Zn, Se, Ca, and vitamins C, B1, and B9 on at least one of the outcomes reported in Table 4, with Zn giving the greatest effect size for triglycerides (TG; WMD = −17.4 mg/dL), total cholesterol (TC; WMD = −19.6 mg/ dL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL; WMD = −8.8 mg/dL), and highdensity lipoprotein (HDL; WMD = 4.8 mg/dL) among studied micronutrients [88,90,92,94,95]. An exceptionally high TG decrease was also reported for supplementation with vitamin B1 (WMD = −20.4 mg/dL) but, due to wide confidence intervals, this finding was not statistically significant [91].…”

“…The dose turned out to be a factor influencing the effectiveness of Mg and Zn supplementation. Weight loss was statistically significant when these micronutrients were administered at ≥350 and ≥50 mg/day, respectively [80,88].…”