Effect of Zn Addition on Non-Resonant Third-Order Optical Nonlinearity of the Cu-Doped Germano-Silicate Optical Glass Fiber

Abstract

Cu/Zn-codoped germano-silicate optical glass fiber was manufactured by using the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) process and solution doping process. To investigate the reduction effect of Zn addition on Cu metal formation in the core of the Cu/Zn-codoped germano-silicate optical glass fiber, the optical absorption property and the non-resonant third-order optical nonlinearity were measured. Absorption peaks at 435 nm and 469 nm in the Cu/Zn-codoped germano-silicate optical glass fiber were contributed to Cu metal particles and ZnO semiconductor particles, respectively. The effective non-resonant optical nonlinearity, gamma, of the Cu/Zn-codoped germano-silicate optical glass fiber was measured to be 1.5097 W(-1) x km(-1) by using the continuous-wave self-phase modulation method. The gamma of the Cu/Zn-codoped germano-silicate optical glass fiber was about four times larger than that of the reference germano-silicate optical glass fiber without any dopants. The increase of the effective non-resonant optical nonlinearity, gamma, of the Cu/Zn-codoped germano-silicate optical glass fiber, can be attributed to the enhanced nonlinear polarization due to incorporated ZnO semiconductor particles and Cu metal ions in the glass network. The Cu/Zn-codoped germano-silicate optical glass fiber showed high nonlinearity and low transmission loss at the optical communication wavelength, which makes it suitable for high-speed-high-capacity optical communication systems.

Gamma-Ray Radiation Effect on Non-Resonant Third-Order Optical Nonlinearity of Germano-Silicate Optical Fiber

“…When the exposed dose was 4.8 kGy, the increased about 15%. The extent of change on degradation of nonlinear optical devices seems to be insignificant since the previous reported values of the metal doped ( , Cu/Zn) highly non-resonant nonlinear silicate fibers were times higher than that of the germano-silicate optical fibers [22], [36], [37]. However, it should be noted that optical absorption of the metal doped fibers has been found to significantly increase by ionizing radiation due to the metal ions-related defects formation, and thus consequent change of the optical fibers is expected to be larger.…”

Influence of gamma-ray irradiation on Faraday effect of Cu-doped germano-silicate optical fiber

“…4. Broad optical absorption appeared from 800 nm to 1600 nm in the Cu-doped germano-silicate optical fiber can be assigned to the three possible electronic transitions in d orbital corresponding to 2E g -2B 1g , 2A 1g -2B 1g and 2B 2g -2B 1g of Cu 2+ ions [21]. After the gamma-ray irradiation, the optical absorption of the Cu-doped germano-silicate optical fiber was found to increase over the wavelength of 550-1750 nm but it became larger below 900 nm significantly compared to that of the commercial SMF, which is mainly due to the formation of Cu-related radiation-induced defect centers.…”

“…A Cu-doped germano-silicate optical fiber was fabricated by the modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) and the high-temperature fiber drawing processes [21]. A fused silica glass tube (Ge Quartz, code # 214) was used as a substrate for cladding of the optical fiber.…”

Synthesis, characterization, and third-order nonlinear optical properties of copper quantum dots embedded in sodium borosilicate glass

“…Up to now, great efforts have been made to fabricate Cu nanoparticles in various forms and embedded in different matrices exhibit considerable optical nonlinearities. There are several reports in the literature concerning the nonlinear optical properties of Cu nanoparticles embedded in silica matrix [18,19], sapphire matrix [20], indium tin oxide matrix [21], Al 2 O 3 matrix [22], TiO 2 matrix [23], and SrTiO 3 matrix [24].…”