Effect of ZnO Nanoparticle Content on the Structural and Ionic Transport Parameters of Polyvinyl Alcohol Based Proton-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte Membranes

Abstract

Proton conducting nanocomposite solid polymer electrolytes (NSPEs) based on polyvinyl alcohol/ammonium nitrate (PVA/NH4NO3) and different contents of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) have been prepared using the casting solution method. The XRD analysis revealed that the sample with 2 wt.% ZnO-NPs has a high amorphous content. The ionic conductivity analysis for the prepared membranes has been carried out over a wide range of frequencies at varying temperatures. Impedance analysis shows that sample with 2 wt.% ZnO-NPs has a smaller bulk resistance compared to that of undoped polymer electrolyte. A small amount of ZnO-NPs was found to enhance the proton-conduction significantly; the highest obtainable room-temperature ionic conductivity was 4.71 × 10−4 S/cm. The effect of ZnO-NP content on the transport parameters of the prepared proton-conducting NSPEs was investigated using the Rice–Roth model; the results reveal that the increase in ionic conductivity is due to an increment in the number of proton ions and their mobility.

Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based membranes for fuel cell and water treatment applications: A review on recent advancements

“…Several PVA‐based composite and nanocomposite PEMs, containing sulfonated polymers 66–68 and nanomaterials such as sulfonated CNT (sCNT), 69 sulfonated silica nanoparticles (nSiO 2 ), 70–73 sulfonated GO (SGO), 74 nano zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO 2 ), 75 TiO 2 nanoparticles (nTiO 2 ), 76 etc., have been reported. Figure 2 presents the proton conductivity and maximum power density values reported for various optimized PEMs based on PVA.…”

“…Ref. : PVA/MPPIS; 81 PVA/nZnO; 75 PVA/DBEG‐G‐SiO 2 ; 82 PVA/SSA/GO; 83 PVA/Sulfonated nSiO 2 /GA; 70 PVA/SiWA/nSiO 2 /SSA; 73 SPEEK/PVA@GO‐NF; 66 PVA/PAMPS‐ g ‐FSN/GA; 84 Propane sultone/PVA/SSA/GO; 23 PVA/PAN‐ co ‐PSSA/PAMPS‐Si; 68 PVA/TEOS/SSA; 85 PVA/nSiO 2 /SSA; 86 PVA/SCNT/SSA; 69 PVA/SGO; 74 H 3 PO 4 ‐imbibed PAM/PVA; 87 HPA/PVA‐ g ‐Aam (GA crosslinked); 88 PVA/PSSA‐SiO 2 /SSA/GA; 71 PVA/SSA; 77 SPEEK/PVA/TEOS; 67 PPVA/PHB/SiO 2 ‐P NPs; 80 PVA/SPANi‐GO; 89 PVA/PAMPS/ZIF; 78 and PVDF/PPVA/nTiO 2 76 . Abbreviations: Aam, acrylamide; DBEG, 1,4‐diglycidyl butane ether; FSN, fumed silica nanoparticles; GA, glutaraldehyde; GO, graphene oxide; HPA, heteropolyacid (H 3 PW 12 O 40 ); MPPIS, liquid crystal: 1‐methyl‐3‐[6‐[4‐(trans‐4‐pentylcyclohexyl)‐ phenoxy]hexyl]imidazolium hydrogen sulfate; PAM, polyacrylamide; PFSA, perfluorosulfonic acid; PPVA, phosphonated PVA; PVDF, poly(vinylidene difluoride); SCNT, sulfonated carbon nanotubes; SiO 2 ‐P NPs: phosphonated silica nanoparticles; SiWA, silicotungstic acid; SPEEK, sulfonate poly(ether ketone); SSA, sulfosuccinic acid; TEOS, tetraethyl orthosilicate; ZIF, zeolite‐imidazole framework…”

Effect of ZnO nanoparticle content on the amorphousness of conducting jackfruit seed starch-PVA blend polymer electrolyte

“…PVA has been widely used as the host for electrolyte systems due to its characterictics which are having hydrophilic properties, non toxic, soluble in water, biocompatibility, low in cost, and good in film-forming properties [8,9]. PVA's hydroxyl (O-H) groups assists in the dissociation of salts at high concentrations to generate an ionic medium via hydrogen bonding, making it a promising candidate for electronics and optoelectronics applications [9]. Hence, by blending the PVA and JSS, it could decrease its disadvantages in order to be developed as PE.…”

“…Biopolymer starch, in general, has a semi-crystalline structure, but it is mechanically stable. To increase the ionic conductivity, the amorphousity level of the generated nanocomposite SPE, ZnO nanoparticles can be disseminated in different SPE systems [9].…”

Effect of Metal Oxides and Graphene Upon The Electronic Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol

“…It is also non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable, with strong chemical resistance and outstanding optical, electrical, and thermal characteristics [3]. PVA's exceptional characteristics make it a perfect option for a wide range of applications, including biomedical devices, drug delivery, membrane technology [4], fuel cells, solar cells [5], optical devices [6] and sensors. According to the high surface area of the nano llers, such as metal oxides, different nano llers are typically used to improve the characteristics of PVA [7].…”