Effect of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors on Caries Incidence and Plaque Accumulation in Rats (Short Communication)

Mörmann, Jeanette E.; Schmid, R; Mühlemann, H

doi:10.1159/000260687

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus salivarius , Streptococcus sanguis , Lactobacillus acidophilus and Actinomyces viscosus [40]. Alpha-glucosidase is hypothesized to participate in the induction of dental caries [41]. Alpha-glucosidase and Glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) are both from GH13 family (Glycoside Hydrolase Family 13; http://www.cazy.org); Gtfs are a major virulence factor in caries-pathogens in that Gtfs adsorb to enamel and synthesize extracellular glucans in situ , providing sites for colonization by microbes and an insoluble matrix for plaque [42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva Microbiota Carry Caries-Specific Functional Gene Signatures

et al. 2014

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Human saliva microbiota is phylogenetically divergent among host individuals yet their roles in health and disease are poorly appreciated. We employed a microbial functional gene microarray, HuMiChip 1.0, to reconstruct the global functional profiles of human saliva microbiota from ten healthy and ten caries-active adults. Saliva microbiota in the pilot population featured a vast diversity of functional genes. No significant distinction in gene number or diversity indices was observed between healthy and caries-active microbiota. However, co-presence network analysis of functional genes revealed that caries-active microbiota was more divergent in non-core genes than healthy microbiota, despite both groups exhibited a similar degree of conservation at their respective core genes. Furthermore, functional gene structure of saliva microbiota could potentially distinguish caries-active patients from healthy hosts. Microbial functions such as Diaminopimelate epimerase, Prephenate dehydrogenase, Pyruvate-formate lyase and N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase were significantly linked to caries. Therefore, saliva microbiota carried disease-associated functional signatures, which could be potentially exploited for caries diagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Saliva Microbiota Carry Caries-Specific Functional Gene Signatures

et al. 2014

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“…In addition, the highly branched starch amylopectin was more cariogenic than the linear starch glucose polymer amylose. Further support for an effect of starch on caries development is provided by the findings that a glucosidic ax-amylase inhibitor (BAY e 4609) significantly decreased caries experience in rats fed a processed starch diet (Mormann et al, 1983).…”

Section: Role Of A-amylase In Dental Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary α-Amylase: Role in Dental Plaque and Caries Formation

Scannapieco

Torres

Levine

1993

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

238

163

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Salivary a-amylase, one of the most plentiful components in human saliva, has at least three distinct biological functions. The enzymatic activity of a-amylase undoubtedly plays a role in carbohydrate digestion. Amylase in solution binds with high affinity to a selected group of oral streptococci, a function that may contribute to bacterial clearance and nutrition. The fact that a-amylase is also found in acquired enamel pellicle suggests a role in the adhesion of a-amylase-binding bacteria. All of these biological activities seem to depend on an intact enzyme conformation. Binding of a-amylase to bacteria and teeth may have important implications for dental plaque and caries formation. a-Amylase bound to bacteria in plaque may facilitate dietary starch hydrolysis to provide additional glucose for metabolism by plaque microorganisms in close proximity to the tooth surface. The resulting lactic acid produced may be added to the pool of acid in plaque to contribute to tooth demineralization.

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“…Thus, early epidemiological studies indicated a positive correlation between dental caries and high salivary amylase activity [Sullivan and Storvick, 1950;Turner and Crowell, 1947], although later studies have been less conclusive about the relationship [Birkhed and Skude, 1978;Jacobsen et al, 1972]. Mormann et al [1983] and Mormann and Muhlemann [1981] reported that the inhibition of salivary amylase can lead to a reduction in the incidence of caries in rats.…”

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confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Salivary Amylase by Black and Green Teas and Their Effects on the Intraoral Hydrolysis of Starch

Zhang¹,

Kashket²

1998

Caries Res

135

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Tea decoctions prepared from a number of black and green teas inhibited amylase in human saliva. Black teas gave higher levels of inhibition than green teas, and removal of tea tannins with gelatin led to the loss of inhibitory activity from all decoctions. Streptococcal amylase was similarly inhibited by tea decoctions. Fluoride was without effect on amylase. Since salivary amylase hydrolyzes food starch to low molecular weight fermentable carbohydrates, experiments were carried out to determine whether tea decoctions would interfere with the release of maltose in food particles that became entrapped on the dentition. Subjects consumed salted crackers and rinsed subsequently for 30 s with black or green tea decoctions, or water. Maltose release was reduced by up to about 70% after rinsing with the teas. Black tea decoction was significantly more effective than green tea, in agreement with the in vitro data. The observations supported the hypothesis that tea consumption can be effective in reducing the cariogenic potential of starch-containing foods such as crackers and cakes. Tea may reduce the tendency for these foods to serve as slow-release sources of fermentable carbohydrate.

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Effect of α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors on Caries Incidence and Plaque Accumulation in Rats (Short Communication)

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Saliva Microbiota Carry Caries-Specific Functional Gene Signatures

Saliva Microbiota Carry Caries-Specific Functional Gene Signatures

Salivary α-Amylase: Role in Dental Plaque and Caries Formation

Inhibition of Salivary Amylase by Black and Green Teas and Their Effects on the Intraoral Hydrolysis of Starch

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