Effect ofCamellia sinensis L. whole plant extract on piglet intestinal ecosystem

Zanchi, R.; Canzi, Elena; Molteni, L.; Scozzoli, Maurizio

doi:10.1007/bf03179459

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“… a Assessment = conclusion of a reference on a hypothesized effect; b reference = trial x plant species x indication; c particularly unspecified or infectious diarrhea and gastrointestinal spasms + = reference proves evidently the hypothesized effect; ? = reference shows uncertain hypothesized effect; o = reference does not prove evidently the hypothesized effect 1 [ 147 , 148 ] 2 [ 149 – 152 ] 3 [ 153 ] 4 [ 154 ] 5 [ 69 – 76 , 155 – 158 ] 6 [ 69 ] 7 [ 63 , 66 ] 8 [ 159 ] 9 [ 62 , 160 ] 10 [ 63 , 64 ] 11 [ 66 ] 12 [ 77 ] 13 [ 161 , 162 ] 14 [ 163 , 164 ] 15 [ 165 – 170 ] 16 [ 170 ] 17 [ 171 ] 18 [ 172 ] 19 [ 124 , 125 ] 20 [ 124 , 173 ] 21 [ 174 – 176 ] 22 [ 177 ] 23 [ 178 ] 24 [ 179 ] 25 [ 175 , 176 , 180 – 183 ] 26 [ 184 ] 27 [ 185 ] 28 [ 181 ] 29 [ 186 ] 30 [ ...…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some clinical studies reported beneficial effects of Camellia sinensis (L.) KUNTZE on gut health as indicated by a reduced prevalence of postweaning diarrhea in piglets, but also a decrease in growth performance [ 124 ]. An experimental trial on a diet with Camellia sinensis (L.) KUNTZE whole plant extract revealed a significant decrease of Clostridia counts, but also of Enterococci counts in the feces of piglets compared to a standard diet with antibiotics [ 125 ]. Two in vivo studies showed also anti-influenza virus activity in mice [ 126 ] and chicken [ 127 ], which might be due to an inhibition of virus adsorption [ 126 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medicinal plants – prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review

et al. 2016

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BackgroundGastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets lead to significant economic losses in livestock husbandry. A high morbidity has been reported for diarrhea (calves ≤ 35 %; piglets ≤ 50 %) and for respiratory diseases (calves ≤ 80 %; piglets ≤ 40 %). Despite a highly diverse etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases, treatment with antimicrobials is often the first-line therapy. Multi-antimicrobial resistance in pathogens results in international accordance to strengthen the research in novel treatment options. Medicinal plants bear a potential as alternative or additional treatment. Based on the versatile effects of their plant specific multi-component-compositions, medicinal plants can potentially act as ‘multi-target drugs’. Regarding the plurality of medicinal plants, the aim of this systematic review was to identify potential medicinal plant species for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases and for modulation of the immune system and inflammation in calves and piglets.ResultsBased on nine initial sources including standard textbooks and European ethnoveterinary studies, a total of 223 medicinal plant species related to the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases was identified. A defined search strategy was established using the PRISMA statement to evaluate 30 medicinal plant species starting from 20’000 peer-reviewed articles published in the last 20 years (1994–2014). This strategy led to 418 references (257 in vitro, 84 in vivo and 77 clinical trials, thereof 48 clinical trials in veterinary medicine) to evaluate effects of medicinal plants and their efficacy in detail. The findings indicate that the most promising candidates for gastrointestinal diseases are Allium sativum L., Mentha x piperita L. and Salvia officinalis L.; for diseases of the respiratory tract Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Thymus vulgaris L. and Althea officinalis L. were found most promising, and Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Camellia sinensis (L.) KUNTZE, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Origanum vulgare L. were identified as best candidates for modulation of the immune system and inflammation.ConclusionsSeveral medicinal plants bear a potential for novel treatment strategies for young livestock. There is a need for further research focused on gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets, and the findings of this review provide a basis on plant selection for future studies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-016-0714-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal plants – prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review

et al. 2016

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“…They are extensively used in feed as growth promoters and health protectants (Hashemi and Davoodi, 2011; Abreu et al, 2012), particularly in Asian, African, and South American countries, and are gradually used in developed countries in recent years. In pig production, it is thought that oregano, cinnamon, Mexican pepper, thyme, oregano, and Camellia sinensis can decrease pathogenic microbial mass in the intestines (Manzanilla et al, 2004; Namkung et al, 2004; Zanchi et al, 2008); sangrovit, aged garlic extract, and allicin are able to increase body weight gain (Borovan, 2004; Tatara et al, 2008); thyme, clove, oregano, eugenol, and carvacrol are capable of improving pig performance (Oetting et al, 2006; Costa et al, 2007). Effects of phytogenic feed additives on the production performance of poultry are also reported (Hashemi and Davoodi, 2010).…”

Section: Plant Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic alternatives: the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry?

Cheng¹,

Hao²,

Xie³

et al. 2014

Front. Microbiol.

511

332

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It is a common practice for decades to use of sub-therapeutic dose of antibiotics in food-animal feeds to prevent animals from diseases and to improve production performance in modern animal husbandry. In the meantime, concerns over the increasing emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to the unreasonable use of antibiotics and an appearance of less novelty antibiotics have prompted efforts to develop so-called alternatives to antibiotics. Whether or not the alternatives could really replace antibiotics remains a controversial issue. This review summarizes recent development and perspectives of alternatives to antibiotics. The mechanism of actions, applications, and prospectives of the alternatives such as immunity modulating agents, bacteriophages and their lysins, antimicrobial peptides, pro-, pre-, and synbiotics, plant extracts, inhibitors targeting pathogenicity (bacterial quorum sensing, biofilm, and virulence), and feeding enzymes are thoroughly discussed. Lastly, the feasibility of alternatives to antibiotics is deeply analyzed. It is hard to conclude that the alternatives might substitute antibiotics in veterinary medicine in the foreseeable future. At the present time, prudent use of antibiotics and the establishment of scientific monitoring systems are the best and fastest way to limit the adverse effects of the abuse of antibiotics and to ensure the safety of animal-derived food and environment.

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“…This is due to the influence of many factors such as climate, season, harvesting method and others (Borovan, 2004). Probably for this reason there is a multiplicity of controversial results Specific blend of herbal extract increase ADG, decrease feed conversion ratio in finishing pigs Liu et al (2008) Aged garlic extract, allicin improved body weight, morphological properties of intestine villi and non-specific defense mechanisms of piglets Tatara et al (2008) Camellia sinensis decrease of clostridia and enterococci counts in the faeces of piglets Zanchi et al (2008) obtained in different scientific studies examining the effect of these substances in animal nutrition. Accordingly, it is necessary to select effective plant extracts, standardize them and investigate a potential synergistic benefit deriving from their combination (Budzinski et al, 2000;.…”

Section: Plant Extractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review

Vondruskova¹,

Slamova²,

Trčková³

et al. 2010

Vet. Med.

165

155

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ABSTRACT:The weaning time is a crucial period in the management of piglets. The risk of development of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in piglets is high. PWD is the cause of serious economic losses in pig herds. Since 2006, the use of antibiotic growth promoters for prevention of diarrhoeal diseases in piglets has been banned. This measure also led to the investigation of alternative suitable feed supplements that would be reasonably efficient in protecting and sustaining animal health and performance. Various natural materials such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, zinc and plant extracts have been tested as effective alternatives to antibiotics. Recently, owing to their high adsorption capacity, research efforts have been conducted on the application of natural clays and clay-based feed supplements. The purpose of this review is to summarize the effect of different alternative components as growth promoters on the health and performance of weaned and growing piglets.Keywords: infection; swine; antibiotics; intestinal microflora; performance; probiotics; prebiotics, organic acids; zinc; phytobiotics; aluminosilicate List of abbreviations CFU = colony-forming unit; ETEC = enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; MMT = montmorillonite; PWD = post weaning diarrhoea; SCFA = short chain fatty acids; VFA = volatile fatty acids Review ArticleVeterinarni Medicina, 55, 2010 (5): 199-224 200 ruses (Moller et al., 1998;Song et al., 2006), transmissive gastroenteritis virus (Hampson et al., 1987; Alexa et al., 1995 Alexa et al., , 2001 Chae et al., 2000;Madec et al., 2000;Melin et al., 2004;Song et al., 2006;Thomsson et al., 2008) and others have been most frequently diagnosed.Early-weaned piglets are exposed to several stress factors, with nutrition, etiology and indoor environment of housing being particularly implicated (Madec et al., 2000;Laine et al., 2008). Noninfectious stress factors which are involved in the development of gastroenteric disorders are: -age of piglets when they are weaned from their dam (Svensmark et al., 1989;Skirrow et al., 1997), -sudden change of feed from sow milk that provides piglets with immunoglobulins (Bailey et al., 1992), -irregular feed intake (Bark et al., 1986;Spencer and Howell, 1989;Svensmark et al., 1989;Madec et al., 1998;Laine et al., 2008), -feed structure (Amezcua et al., 2002), -animal hygiene and housing conditions (Le Dividich, 1981;Le Dividich and Herpin, 1994;Madec et al., 1998), -inadequate feeder space per piglet in the pen (Amezcua et al., 2002). Numerous changes in the early-weaned piglet body can initiate PWD, such as morphological (Hampson, 1986) and functional alterations of the small intestine (Kidder and Manners, 1980; Hampson and Kidder, 1986), changes in intestinal colonization with predominance of E. coli (Melin et al., 1997;Katouli et al., 1999) and weakening of the immune system (Blecha et al., 1983;Wattrang et al., 1998). Ban of antibiotic growth promotersRegarding the fact that weaning greatly affects general health condition of piglets, it is nece...

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Effect ofCamellia sinensis L. whole plant extract on piglet intestinal ecosystem

Cited by 13 publications

References 28 publications

Medicinal plants – prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review

Medicinal plants – prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review

Antibiotic alternatives: the substitution of antibiotics in animal husbandry?

Alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in prevention of diarrhoea in weaned piglets: a review

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