Effect on gastric function and symptoms of drinking wine, black tea, or schnapps with a Swiss cheese fondue: randomised controlled crossover trial

Abstract

Objective To compare the effects of drinking white wine or black tea with Swiss cheese fondue followed by a shot of cherry schnapps on gastric emptying, appetite, and abdominal symptoms. Design Randomised controlled crossover study. Participants 20 healthy adults (14 men) aged 23-58. Interventions Cheese fondue (3260 kJ, 32% fat) labelled with 150 mg sodium 13Carbon-octanoate was consumed with 300 ml of white wine (13%, 40 g alcohol) or black tea in randomised order, followed by 20 ml schnapps (40%, 8 g alcohol) or water in randomised order. Main outcome measures Cumulative percentage dose of 13C substrate recovered over four hours (higher values indicate faster gastric emptying) and appetite and dyspeptic symptoms (visual analogue scales). Results Gastric emptying was significantly faster when fondue was consumed with tea or water than with wine or schnapps (cumulative percentage dose of 13C recovered 18.1%, 95% confidence interval 15.2% to 20.9% v 7.4%, 4.6% to 10.3%; P<0.001). An inverse dose-response relation between alcohol intake and gastric emptying was evident. Appetite was similar with consumption of wine or tea (difference 0.11, −0.12 to 0.34; P=0.35), but reduced if both wine and schnapps were consumed (difference −0.40, −0.01 to −0.79; P<0.046). No difference in dyspeptic symptoms was present. Conclusions Gastric emptying after a Swiss cheese fondue is noticeably slower and appetite suppressed if consumed with higher doses of alcohol. This effect was not associated with dyspeptic symptoms. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00943696.

<b>The menstrual cycle influences the gastric emptying of </b><b>alcohol </b>

“…1. Although the changes in 13 C in the breath with respect to these beverages did not reach the statistical significance [F(1,27) = 0.013, P = 0.9], the changes with respect to time were significantly different [F(1,27) = 56.75, P = 0.000], and the interaction of drinks and time was also significant [F(1,27) = 4.78, P = 0.000]. It took a significantly longer time to reach the peak value (Tmax) when vodka was ingested compared to water (35.5 ± 2.41 min for vodka vs. 21.7 ± 1.70 min for water, P = 0.0009) ( Table 1).…”

“…The changes in 13 C in the breath samples obtained from the 10 female participants during the follicular phase are shown in Fig. 1.…”

“…Breath samples were collected at 5-min intervals for 2 h, and then at 15-min intervals for an additional 1 h. Breath 13 CO 2 isotopic enrichment was determined using non-dispersive infrared isotope spectrometry (UbiT-1R300; Otsuka Electronics, Osaka, Japan) (15). The changes in 13 C content in the breath samples with respect to time are shown in Fig. 1 (follicular phase) and Fig.…”

“…The retention time of vodka was significantly longer than that of mineral water during the follicular phase, but no significant differences between the retention times of the two drinks were observed during the luteal phase. In conclusion, the menstrual cycle influences the gastric emptying rate of alcohol.Several studies (8,9,13,15) showed that alcohol consumption delayed the gastric emptying of meals in healthy male subjects, but these studies did not examine female subjects. We (1) observed that the ingestion of 60 mL of red wine or vodka prior to a pancake meal, significantly inhibited the gastric emptying of the pancake in male subjects, but not in female subjects.…”

“…Several studies (8,9,13,15) showed that alcohol consumption delayed the gastric emptying of meals in healthy male subjects, but these studies did not examine female subjects. We (1) observed that the ingestion of 60 mL of red wine or vodka prior to a pancake meal, significantly inhibited the gastric emptying of the pancake in male subjects, but not in female subjects.…”