Effect on Trend Estimates of the Difference between Survey Respondents and Non-respondents: Results from 27 Populations in the WHO MONICA Project

Tolonen, Hanna; Dobson, Annette; Kulathinal, Sangita

doi:10.1007/s10654-005-2672-5

Cited by 123 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…On average, the participants were older, had a higher degree of education and were more represented by women than the total sample. This distribution of sociodemographic characteristics among responders vs. non-responders has been demonstrated in other epidemiological studies (18)(19)(20) and seems to be a growing methodological problem (19;21;22). However, in view of the rather heavy commitment expected from the participants in the present study, participation rate in the lower range of what is presently seen in epidemiological studies with active participation of healthy people was foreseen.…”

Section: Distribution Of Reportssupporting

confidence: 67%

Interactive Voice Response and web-based questionnaires for population-based infectious disease reporting

et al. 2010

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Section: Distribution Of Reportssupporting

confidence: 67%

Interactive Voice Response and web-based questionnaires for population-based infectious disease reporting

et al. 2010

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“…There is some evidence indicating that the prevalences of health behaviors, such as smoking [9,35] and M A N U S C R I P T…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection bias was reduced by recontacting nonparticipants

Karvanen

Tolonen

Härkänen

et al. 2016

Journal of Clinical Epidemiology

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Objective: One of the main goals of health examination surveys (HES) is to provide unbiased estimates of health indicators at the population level. We demonstrate how multiple imputation methods may help to reduce the selection bias if partial data on some non-participants are collected. Study Design and Setting: In the FINRISK 2007 study, a populationbased health study conducted in Finland, a random sample of 10 000 men and women aged 25-74 were invited to participate. The study included a questionnaire data collection and a health examination. 6255 individuals participated in the study. Out of 3745 non-participants, 473 returned a simplified questionnaire after a recontact. Both the participants and the nonparticipants were followed up for death and hospitalizations. The follow-up data allowed to check the assumptions on the missing data mechanism and tailored multiple imputation methods were used to handle the missing data. Results: Non-participation is a strong predictor for mortality in the fiveyear follow-up. However, the recontact response does not predict mortality or morbidity among the non-participants when adjusted for age and sex. The M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 result suggests that the recontact respondents can be used as proxy for all non-participants. A comparison of raw estimates and estimates adjusted for selection bias reveals clear differences in the estimated population prevalences of smoking and heavy alcohol usage. Conclusion: All efforts to collect data on non-participants are likely to be useful even if the response rate for the recontact remains low. Statistical analysis of the recontact respondents provides an indication of the extent of the selection bias, even in studies where follow-up data are not available to check the assumptions.Keywords: survey; non-response; bias; missing data; multiple imputation What is new?:• Register data on cause specific mortality and morbidity can be used to check the assumptions on the missing data mechanism.• In the FINRISK 2007 study, we found that while the participants and the non-participants clearly differ, the non-participants with and without a recontact response have similar mortality and morbidity when adjusted for age and sex.• We propose a multiple imputation approach to handle data missing not at random. The approach is applicable when data on a non-response questionnaire are available.

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“…The odds of having a vaginitis infection steadily declined with older age after adjusting for diabetes status: OR = 0.57 (95% CI: 0.48−0.68) for age group 50-59 years and OR = 0. 24 for both). Age was not a significant predictor of balanitis.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Genital Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence and recurrence of urinary tract and genital infections among adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in the general population: a longitudinal cohort study

Grandy¹,

Fox²,

Hardy³

2013

J Diab Res Clin Met

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Background: This study estimated the prevalence, recurrence, and predisposing factors of self-reported urinary tract infections (UTIs) and genital infections among adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: In the US Study to Help Improve Early evaluation and management of risk factors Leading to Diabetes (SHIELD) 2008 survey, respondents reported how many times in the past 12 months they had a UTI or genital infection. T2DM respondents were compared with respondents who did not have diabetes (No DM). T2DM respondents who reported 3 or more infections were classified as having recurrent infections and were compared with T2DM respondents who reported 1-2 infections (non-recurrent infections) and those without infections. Results: The prevalence rate of UTI was 184.4/1000 for T2DM and 127.8/1000 for No DM among women (p <0.001), and 50.9/1000 for T2DM and 33.9/1000 for No DM among men (p = 0.02). Odds of experiencing a UTI were 1.5 times higher among T2DM respondents than No DM respondents. For T2DM respondents with UTI, 23% reported recurrent UTIs, largely among women. Predictors of recurrent UTIs compared with no UTIs in women were overactive bladder, kidney problems, atherosclerosis, and COPD. Among men, the prevalence rate of balanitis was 41.8/1000 for T2DM and 19.2/1000 for No DM (p <0.01). Prevalence rate of vaginitis was 172.6/1000 for T2DM and 125.0/1000 for No DM (p <0.01). Odds of vaginitis were 1.9 and balanitis were 2.3 times higher among T2DM than no DM respondents. Among T2DM women with vaginitis, 30% reported recurrent vaginitis. Lower education, receiving oral anti-diabetic drugs plus insulin, and atherosclerosis predicted recurrent vaginitis compared with non-recurrent vaginitis. Conclusions: UTIs and genital infections were more prevalent with T2DM than among respondents without diabetes. Recurrent infections occur in approximately 23%-30% of adults. Select characteristics may assist in identifying those likely to have self-reported recurrent infections.

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Effect on Trend Estimates of the Difference between Survey Respondents and Non-respondents: Results from 27 Populations in the WHO MONICA Project

Cited by 123 publications

References 14 publications

Interactive Voice Response and web-based questionnaires for population-based infectious disease reporting

Interactive Voice Response and web-based questionnaires for population-based infectious disease reporting

Selection bias was reduced by recontacting nonparticipants

Prevalence and recurrence of urinary tract and genital infections among adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in the general population: a longitudinal cohort study

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