Effective Adsorption and Removal of Doxorubicin from Aqueous Solutions Using Mesostructured Silica Nanospheres: Box–Behnken Design Optimization and Adsorption Performance Evaluation

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of mesoporous silica nanospheres as an adsorbent to remove doxorubicin (DOX) from aqueous solution. The surface and structural properties of mesoporous silica nanospheres were investigated using BET, SEM, XRD, TEM, ζ potential, and point of zero charge analysis. To optimize DOX removal from aqueous solution, a Box–Behnken surface statistical design (BBD) with four times factors, four levels, and response surface modeling (RSM) was used. A high amount of adsorptivity from DOX (804.84 mg/g) was successfully done under the following conditions: mesoporous silica nanospheres dose = 0.02 g/25 mL; pH = 6; shaking speed = 200 rpm; and adsorption time = 100 min. The study of isotherms demonstrated how well the Langmuir equation and the experimental data matched. According to thermodynamic characteristics, the adsorption of DOX on mesoporous silica nanospheres was endothermic and spontaneous. The increase in solution temperature also aided in the removal of DOX. The kinetic study showed that the model suited the pseudo-second-order. The suggested adsorption method could recycle mesoporous silica nanospheres five times, with a modest reduction in its ability for adsorption. The most important feature of our adsorbent is that it can be recycled five times without losing its efficiency.

Agro-Waste Valorization into Carbonaceous Eco-Hydrogel: A Circular Economy and Zero Waste Tactic for Doxorubicin Removal in Water/Wastewater

“…The SEM images exhibited a 2D graphene-like window structure of MSAC due to the CC (sp 2 hybridization), also validated from XPS, which may cause the π–π stacking and lead to high adsorption on the surface of MSAC@GE-SA. The development of Doxo.HCL polylayers on the MSAC@GE-SA surface at pH 7–9 is attributed to π–π interactions and hydrophobic interactions between the drug molecules; the mono- and multilayer adsorption of Doxo.HCL on the surface was also validated from the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm. Increasing ionic strength promotes Doxo.HCL self-association, potentially aiding in adsorption .…”

“…The development of Doxo.HCL polylayers on the MSAC@GE-SA surface at pH 7–9 is attributed to π–π interactions and hydrophobic interactions between the drug molecules; the mono- and multilayer adsorption of Doxo.HCL on the surface was also validated from the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm. Increasing ionic strength promotes Doxo.HCL self-association, potentially aiding in adsorption . According to a zeta (ζ) potential study, adjusting pH to a neutral level might also enhance the adsorption process, possibly through intermolecular connections and screening of positively charged Doxo.HCL molecules .…”

“…Increasing ionic strength promotes Doxo.HCL self-association, potentially aiding in adsorption . According to a zeta (ζ) potential study, adjusting pH to a neutral level might also enhance the adsorption process, possibly through intermolecular connections and screening of positively charged Doxo.HCL molecules . Additionally, other parameters, such as π–π stacking interactions, play a role in adsorbing pollutants, as reported in a previous study .…”

Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals Integrated into Mesoporous Silica for Sustained Delivery of Doxorubicin

“…The zeta potential of MSN, MSN-HAP, and HAP@MSN was measured in PBS medium (pH = 7.4), and the values were −15.9, −19.3, and −16.5 mV, respectively. At this pH, the amino groups of DOX molecules are protonated. , Therefore, DOX adsorption into mesoporous silica nanoparticles occurs through an electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged silica surface and positively charged DOX molecules.…”

Application of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Removal of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride: Removal Process Optimization and Biological Activity

“…Recently, materials for metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have received a lot of attention as a result of the wide range of potential uses, which include drug delivery, nonlinear optics, magnetic conductance, gas storage, catalysis, and luminescence . In addition, MOFs are crystalline solids . Furthermore, MOFs based on polyhedral coordination cages are attracting a lot of attention, not just because of their aesthetic appeal but also because the restricted cavities that they provide (i) can be used as a molecular flask to enclose visitor species in a protective shell to prevent chemical reaction, (ii) it is possible to separate and store gases using them, and (iii) it is possible that they will have magnetic and catalytic properties that are uncommon.…”