Effective adsorptive removal of atrazine herbicide in river waters by a novel hydrochar derived from Prunus serrulata bark

Abstract

In this work, a novel and effective hydrochar was prepared by hydrothermal treatment of Prunus serrulata bark to remove the pesticide atrazine in river waters. The hydrothermal treatment has generated hydrochar with a rough surface and small cavities, favoring the atrazine adsorption. The adsorption equilibrium time was not influenced by different atrazine concentrations used, being reached after 240 min. The Elovich adsorption kinetic model presented the best adjustment to the kinetic data. The Langmuir model presented the greatest compliance to the isotherm data and indicated a higher affinity between atrazine and hydrochar, reaching a maximum adsorption capacity of 63.35 mg g -1 . Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process was highly spontaneous, endothermic, and favorable, with a predominance of physical attraction forces. In treating three real river samples containing atrazine, the adsorbent showed high removal efficiency, being above 70 %. The hydrochar from Prunus serrulata bark waste proved highly viable to remove atrazine from river waters due to its high efficiency and low precursor material cost.

Modelling atrazine sorption in carbon-rich substrates: a case study

“…The "approximate ΔG 0 " values were negative thus indicating that atrazine sorption in the substrates was favorable under the tested conditions. Our values are more negative than those reported for soils (Alister et al, 2020) and in the same range for values reported for biochar amended soils and hydrochar (Deng et al, 2017;Netto et al, 2022).…”

The Use of Bilberry Leaves (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) as an Efficient Adsorbent for Cationic Dye Removal from Aqueous Solutions

“…Non-linear equations of pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich, general order and Avrami kinetic models were used to analyze the adsorption kinetics. The equations are described below: where: q t is the crystal violet amount adsorbed at time t ; k 1 , k 2 , k n and k AV are the rate constants of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, general order and Avrami kinetic models; q e , q n and q AV are the theoretical values for the adsorption capacity; a is the desorption constant of Elovich model; b is the initial velocity; n is the general order exponent and n AV is a fractional exponent [ 18 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

“…Non-linear equations of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Sips and Redlich-Peterson isotherms were used to describe the adsorption equilibrium. The corresponding equations are as follows: where: q m and Q sat are the maximum absorption capacities; K L , K F , K T , K S and K RP are the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Sips and Redlich-Peterson isotherms constants; 1/n F is an empirical constant indicating the intensity of adsorption; R is the universal gas constant; T is the absolute temperature; b is Temkin constant which related to the adsorption heat; n is Sips isotherm exponent; a RP is Redlich-Peterson isotherm constant and β RP is Redlich-Peterson exponent which can vary between 0 and 1 [ 18 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ].…”

“…where: q t is the crystal violet amount adsorbed at time t; k 1 , k 2 , k n and k AV are the rate constants of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, general order and Avrami kinetic models; q e , q n and q AV are the theoretical values for the adsorption capacity; a is the desorption constant of Elovich model; b is the initial velocity; n is the general order exponent and n AV is a fractional exponent [18,[39][40][41][42][43].…”

Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using a New Natural Lignocellulosic Adsorbent—Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) Leaves Powder

“…The kinetic and equilibrium data were modeled using the non-linear equations of the pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Elovich, and Avrami kinetic models and the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Sips isotherms, respectively [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Detailed information about these equations is presented in Supplementary Materials Table S1 .…”