Effective and Structural Connectivity in the Human Auditory Cortex

Upadhyay, Jaymin; Silver, Andrew M.; Knaus, Tracey A.; Lindgren, Kristen A.; Ducros, Mathieu; Kim, Dae‐Shik; Tager–Flusberg, Helen

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4434-07.2008

Cited by 83 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In conjunction with the MTG the STS has also been associated, with accessing the mental lexicon [Kotz et al, 2002;Obleser and Kotz, 2010]. Previous functional and structural connectivity studies reported strong connections between auditory cortex regions and the anterior and posterior STS/STG [Caclin and Fonlupt, 2006;Kumar et al, 2007;Upadhyay et al, 2008]. This is compatible with the current findings of the distribution of perceptually-based and grammar-based processes in AC and STS/STG.…”

Section: Neural Imprints Of Grammar-based Processessupporting

confidence: 91%

Dissociable neural imprints of perception and grammar in auditory functional imaging

Herrmann¹,

Obleser²,

Kalberlah³

et al. 2011

Human Brain Mapping

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In language processing, the relative contribution of early sensory and higher cognitive brain areas is still an open issue. A recent controversial hypothesis proposes that sensory cortices show sensitivity to syntactic processes, whereas other studies suggest a wider neural network outside sensory regions. The goal of the current event-related fMRI study is to clarify the contribution of sensory cortices in auditory syntactic processing in a 2 × 2 design. Two-word utterances were presented auditorily and varied both in perceptual markedness (presence or absence of an overt word category marking "-t"), and in grammaticality (syntactically correct or incorrect). A multivariate pattern classification approach was applied to the data, flanked by conventional cognitive subtraction analyses. The combination of methods and the 2 × 2 design revealed a clear picture: The cognitive subtraction analysis found initial syntactic processing signatures in a neural network including the left IFG, the left aSTG, the left superior temporal sulcus (STS), as well as the right STS/STG. Classification of local multivariate patterns indicated the left-hemispheric regions in IFG, aSTG, and STS to be more syntax-specific than the right-hemispheric regions. Importantly, auditory sensory cortices were only sensitive to the overt perceptual marking, but not to the grammaticality, speaking against syntax-inflicted sensory cortex modulations. Instead, our data provide clear evidence for a distinction between regions involved in pure perceptual processes and regions involved in initial syntactic processes.

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Section: Neural Imprints Of Grammar-based Processessupporting

confidence: 91%

Dissociable neural imprints of perception and grammar in auditory functional imaging

Herrmann¹,

Obleser²,

Kalberlah³

et al. 2011

Human Brain Mapping

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“…More recently, effective connectivity techniques, such as Dynamic Causal Modelling (DCM) and Granger Causality, have been used to make stronger inferences about the directionality of influence between brain regions (for tutorial reviews see Stephan et al, (2010) and Friston, Moran, & Seth (2013)). Using Granger Causality, Upadhyay et al, (2008) found that spoken sentences engaged two streams of processing emanating from primary auditory cortex -one to the anterior STG and the other to posterior STG -paralleling findings from studies of non-human primates indicating multiple processing streams. Leff et al, (2008) identified preferential responses to intelligible 2-word phrases in left posterior and anterior STS, and pars orbitalis of the left IFG.…”

Section: (A) Understanding the Temporal Hierarchy: Anterior Versus Posupporting

confidence: 55%

Comprehending auditory speech: previous and potential contributions of functional MRI

Evans

McGettigan

2017

Language, Cognition and Neuroscience

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Functional neuroimaging revolutionized the study of human language in the late 20 th Century, allowing researchers to investigate its underlying cognitive processes in the intact brain. Here, we review how functional MRI (fMRI) in particular has contributed to our understanding of speech comprehension, with a focus on studies of intelligibility. We highlight the use of carefully controlled acoustic stimuli to reveal the underlying hierarchical organization of speech processing systems and cortical (a)symmetries, and discuss the contributions of novel design and analysis techniques to the contextualization of perisylvian regions within wider speech processing networks. Within this, we outline the methodological challenges of fMRI as a technique for investigating speech and describe the innovations that have overcome or mitigated these difficulties. Focussing on multivariate approaches to fMRI, we highlight how these techniques have allowed both local neural representations and broader scale brain systems to be described. 3 General IntroductionThe emergence of functional neuroimaging in the 1990s offered the unprecedented opportunity to examine the processing of spoken language in the intact, functioning human brain with a spatial resolution on the order of millimetres. Building upon the highly influential neuropsychological literature of the late 19 th and 20 th Centuries, a key aim of empirical study was uncovering the neural substrates for the comprehension of speech. Here, we offer a review and synthesis of the contributions of functional imaging -in particular, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) -to our understanding of the functional neuroanatomy of speech comprehension. We also offer an evaluation of the method and ask whether fMRI will continue to contribute substantially to our knowledge, or whether other modalities (or combinations of techniques) hold more promise for the future of the field.Other authors have offered excellent overviews of the state of the art in the functional imaging of language processes more generally (e.g. Price, 2012), and in the specific methodological challenges of examining auditory processing with fMRI (Peelle 2014). For this review, we felt that it was timely to limit our discussion to the use of fMRI in the investigation of speech comprehension. The study of speech comprehension has been at the centre of significant theoretical debate in the last decade, for example in addressing the role of hemispheric asymmetries and motor contributions to speech perception. Advances in experimental design and data analysis have played an important role in refining our understanding of these issues.Here, we highlight in particular the contributions and future opportunities afforded by multivariate analyses of the BOLD response in examining the nature and content of neural representations of the speech signal. Approaches such as Representational Similarity Analysis (Kriegeskorte et al., 2008), provide promise for integrating multiple imaging modalities, allowing examinatio...

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“…These networks included a language network, a right frontoparietal control network, a posterior cingulate network, a DMN that comprised mostly anterior with some posterior activation also, a separate posterior DMN, a set maintenance network, a dorsal attention network (Fox et al, 2006), a sensorimotor network, a cerebellum network (Hampson et al, 2002), two distinct visual networks, an auditory network (Upadhyay et al, 2008), and finally a ventral stream network. Seven networks were discarded as either deriving from non-neuronal sources or depicting no known or identifiable spatial neuronal network.…”

Section: Template Icnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Resting State Networks Involved in Executive Function

et al. 2016

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The structural networks in the human brain are consistent across subjects, and this is reflected also in that functional networks across subjects are relatively consistent. These findings are not only present during performance of a goal oriented task but there are also consistent functional networks during resting state. It suggests that goal oriented activation patterns may be a function of component networks identified using resting state. The current study examines the relationship between resting state networks measured and patterns of neural activation elicited during a Stroop task. The association between the Stroop-activated networks and the resting state networks was quantified using spatial linear regression. In addition, we investigated if the degree of spatial association of resting state networks with the Stroop task may predict performance on the Stroop task. The results of this investigation demonstrated that the Stroop activated network can be decomposed into a number of resting state networks, which were primarily associated with attention, executive function, visual perception, and the default mode network. The close spatial correspondence between the functional organization of the resting brain and task-evoked patterns supports the relevance of resting state networks in cognitive function.

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Effective and Structural Connectivity in the Human Auditory Cortex

Cited by 83 publications

References 58 publications

Dissociable neural imprints of perception and grammar in auditory functional imaging

Dissociable neural imprints of perception and grammar in auditory functional imaging

Comprehending auditory speech: previous and potential contributions of functional MRI

Identification of Resting State Networks Involved in Executive Function

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