Effective Antiscaling Performance of ACTF/Nylon 6, 12 Nanofiltration Composite Membrane: Adsorption, Membrane Performance, and Antifouling Property

Interpenetrating polymer networks for desalination and water remediation: a comprehensive review of research trends and prospects

“…Different types of scalants that develop on the membrane surface, including calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), calcium sulphate (CaSO 4 ), magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ), barium sulphate (BaSO 4 ), strontium sulphate (SrSO 4 ), iron sulphide (FeS), and silicon dioxide (SiO 2 , silica). [45][46][47] The desalination process can be inhibited or slowed down by mineral deposition on membrane surfaces at higher salt concentrations. 48 Different antiscalant chemicals, such as polycarboxylates, which are naturally anionic low-molecular-weight polyelectrolytes, polyphosphates (such as sodium hexametaphosphate), phosphonates/organophosphates, and biobased antiscalants (such as carboxymethyl inulin), can be used to inhibit scaling.…”

Development of Scaling Reagent for Waters of Different Mineralization

“…This leads to a decrease in the performance of the RO membrane, increased operating pressures, increased energy demand, deterioration of permeate quality and increased maintenance costs (Qu et al 2020). Membrane contamination (fouling) can be caused by the formation of insoluble or poorly soluble inorganic substances (CaSO 4 , ВаSО 4 , CaCO 3 , CaF 2 , SiO 2 , Fe, Mn, Si compounds); organic substances of natural and artificial origin; sediments of biological origin (bacteria, algae and products of their vital activity); suspended particles and colloidal impurities (Laqbaqbi, M. Inorganic pollution is a difficult problem due to the large number of total solutes in water (Rezaei et al 2020, El-Dakkony et al 2021). Various methods are used to reduce the risk of scale formation on the membrane (Fig.…”