Effective area to be used in diffraction corrections

Chivers, R. C.; Bosselaar, L.; Filmore, P. R.

doi:10.1121/1.384507

Cited by 45 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…This same phenomena was noted previously by Amin et al [7] for focussed probes and by Chivers et al' [8] for planar transducers.…”

Section: Effective Transducer Radius and Focal Lengthsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…(19), which can be done with a simple root solver. Also, the above procedure is merely an extension of the methods previously used to determine the effective radius of unfocussed probes [8]. Table 1 shows the results of this method for a typical commercially available focussed probe (Panametrics V309, nominal radius = 0.25 inches, nominal focal length = 4.0 inches, "center" frequency -5 MHz) using a 1/8" diameter steel sphere scanned along the transducer axis.…”

Section: Effective Transducer Radius and Focal Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Focussed Transducer/Scatterer Model for Ultrasonic Reference Standards

Schmerr

Lerch

Sedov

1993

Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation

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“…This same phenomena was noted previously by Amin et al [7] for focussed probes and by Chivers et al' [8] for planar transducers.…”

Section: Effective Transducer Radius and Focal Lengthsupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Effective Transducer Radius and Focal Lengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Focussed Transducer/Scatterer Model for Ultrasonic Reference Standards

Schmerr

Lerch

Sedov

1993

Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation

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“…It is also worthwhile to note that these patterns can further be used to calculate an effective diameter of a hydrophone or transmitter. The importance of knowing the effective diameter of the ultrasonic transducers was already pointed out (20).…”

Section: P a Lewinmentioning

confidence: 98%

Calibration and Performance Evaluation of Miniature Ultrasonic Hydrophones Using Time Delay Spectrometry

Lewin

1981

1981 Ultrasonics Symposium

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Digital machines-computers-offer many advantages in communications and information processing. They can accomplish computations at high speed, and they can store and rapidly access vast amounts of information. Despite this sophistication, they are not adept at communicating with humans in a way humans find convenient-namely, by natural spoken language. Computers traditionally prefer the special symbols of compilers and assemblers typically communicated via a typewriter keyboard and a printed display. But, if they could be given human-like abilities for voice communication, their value and ease of use for humans would increase. And, the ubiquitous telephone would take on more of the capabilities of a computer terminal. Giving the computer a "mouth" to talk t o humans draws upon the techniques of speech synthesis. Giving the computer "ears" to listen to humanspoken commands entails automatic recognition of speech. T o provide computers the ability for natural language exchanges, the engineer can be guided to a large extent by the processes of human speech generation and recognition. The physics of sound generation in the human vocal tract and the signal analysis performed in the peripheral auditory mechanism are relatively well understood and can be used as design guides for synthesizers and recognizers. By contrast, the more central cerebral functions of message formulation and message comprehension are less well known, and this lack is reflected in the limitations that presently characterize machine synthesis and recognition. This talk assesses the progress of speech synthesis and recognition by computer techniques, and it outlines potential applications to new voice-communication services. Finally, it draws a perspective on foreseeable developments, and on the continuing research that will support increased sophistication in human/machine communications. At last year's symposium a number of groups, including RSRE, reported the development of monolithic SAW convolvers with attractive IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SONICS AND ULTRASONICS, VOL. SU-29, NO. 3, MAY 1982 159 performance characteristics: integration time -10 ps, bandwidth -100 SAW ELASTIC CONVOLVERSChairpersonMHz, efficiency --75 dBm. In the intervening period we have introduced a number of refinements to the design which have improved the performance in all these primary respects, and in many secondary aspects too. At the time of writing we have produced a convolver with integration time cxcceding 15 ps, and with efficiency exceeding -70 dBm over a bandwidth of 120 MHz. These improvements will be described, together with improvements to many secondary aspects such as, reduced size of the lithium niobate "chip" and its package, simpler testing and setting-up, improved suppression of unwanted selfconvolution signals, and the important aspect of improved reproducibility ofthe overali device ckclracrerisrics. It is now well established that the elastic convolver is a simple, compact, and inexpensive structure which promises to perform, with realtime programmab...

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“…Then the diffraction effect and the attenuation effect can be further separated. The pressure amplitude of the second harmonic is expressed as [7,18] :…”

Section: Measurement Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combining the attenuation with the diffraction correction, the model of the measured non-linearity parameter B/A for the finite amplitude insert-substitution method [7,18] is given by:…”

Section: Measurement Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

The measurement of acoustic non-linearity parameter B/A in ethanol and milk

Zhu¹,

Yang²

2012

Insight

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A finite amplitude insert-substitution method for the acoustic non-linearity parameter B/A of two liquid samples of ethanol and milk is performed using a transmitter/receiver pair. Firstly, a model of the non-linearity parameter B/A is presented, which combines attenuation with diffraction correction. Next, the B/A values of the ethanol sample are estimated at different temperatures, different sound intensities and different frequencies by using a band-pass filter to extract the second harmonic signal. Finally, the B/A values of the milk sample are measured to detect the deterioration process of the milk with time. Experimental results show that the measured B/A values have an approximately linear relationship with temperature and frequency, respectively, and the B/A values are independent of the sound intensity. Furthermore, the measured B/A values of the milk distinctly change with time during the sixteen hours' storage time.

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Effective area to be used in diffraction corrections

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

A Focussed Transducer/Scatterer Model for Ultrasonic Reference Standards

A Focussed Transducer/Scatterer Model for Ultrasonic Reference Standards

Calibration and Performance Evaluation of Miniature Ultrasonic Hydrophones Using Time Delay Spectrometry

The measurement of acoustic non-linearity parameter B/A in ethanol and milk

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