Effective behavioural strategies for reducing disgust in contamination-related OCD: A review

Ludvik, Dominika; Boschen, Mark Justin; Neumann, David L.

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.07.001

Cited by 63 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(154 reference statements)

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“…Disgust can be a difficult emotion to extinguish, particularly when it involves perceptions of contamination (Ludvik, Boschen, & Neumann, 2015). Nonetheless, studies suggest that disgust towards meat is to some extent mutable (e.g., Earle et al, 2019;Rozin et al, 1997).…”

Section: Adaptation To Meatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butchers’ and deli workers’ psychological adaptation to meat.

Piazza

Hodson

Oakley

2021

Emotion

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In many societies today, the average consumer is largely removed from the earlier stages of meat production wherein meat, in many ways, resembles an animal. The present study examined the emotional and psychological consequences of recurrent meat handling. Fiftysix individuals with commercial experience handling meat (butchers and deli workers) were contrasted with 103 individuals without such experience. Participants were presented images of meat from three animals-cows, sheep, fish-that were experimentally manipulated in their degree of animal resemblance. Participants rated the images on measures of disgust, empathy for the animal, and meat-animal association. Broader beliefs and attitudes about meat and animals were also assessed. We used mixed-effect linear modelling to examine the role of time spent handling meat in participants' psychological adaptation to it. We observed significant reductions in disgust, empathy, and meat-animal association within the first year or two of meat handling for all types of meat. Time spent handling meat also predicted the degree to which a person defended and rationalized meat consumption and production, independent of a participant's gender and age. The findings have implications for understanding how people adapt to potentially aversive contexts such as handling animal parts.

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Section: Adaptation To Meatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Butchers’ and deli workers’ psychological adaptation to meat.

Piazza

Hodson

Oakley

2021

Emotion

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“…Increasing the duration of time that an individual is exposed to avoided stimuli or continuing to conduct exposure trials past the point of initial extinction may also deepen therapeutic effects. Finally, another approach that can be readily adapted and tested for use in EDs is counterconditioning, a method in which an individual is presented with a stimulus that had previously acquired a negative, aversive property (e.g., fear response to food item), but is now paired with a positive or rewarding response [e.g., monetary reward (Ludvik, Boschen, & Neumann, 2015)].…”

Section: | Expanding Exposure Approaches and Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…another approach that can be readily adapted and tested for use in EDs is counterconditioning, a method in which an individual is presented with a stimulus that had previously acquired a negative, aversive property (e.g., fear response to food item), but is now paired with a positive or rewarding response [e.g., monetary reward (Ludvik, Boschen, & Neumann, 2015)].…”

Section: D En Ti F I Ca Ti On Of a Dd I Ti On Al T Re At M En T Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding exposure‐based interventions for eating disorders

Reilly

Anderson

Gorrell

et al. 2017

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Initial trials evaluating exposure-based interventions for eating disorders (EDs) in the 1980s demonstrated mixed results. Since that time, innovations in exposure therapy for anxiety disorders have yielded insights that can be used to refine and expand the approach to effectively target ED behaviors. This article provides a brief summary of relevant advances in exposure therapy for anxiety and outlines how these advances may be adapted and evaluated for use with ED samples. More specifically, we propose shifting to an inhibitory learning framework, considering treatment targets other than fear, and increasing variability in exposure techniques represent three important areas for future study. Overall, this article aims to provide professionals in the field with a framework for how to incorporate cutting-edge advances in exposure therapy into rigorous intervention research for EDs.

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“…One such proposed strategy involves differentially using behavioural and cognitive strategies for patients who score high in DP and DS, respectively, to reduce heightened disgust reactions and the negative emotions related to dis gust. 36 As well, Ludvik and colleagues 37 have suggested using counterconditioning and revaluation techniques, whereby conditioned and unconditioned stimuli, respect ively, are paired with unconditioned stimuli of the opposite valence. However, the efficacy of these strategies has not been evaluated in OCD populations.…”

Section: J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017;42(5)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the efficacy of these strategies has not been evaluated in OCD populations. 37 Contaminationbased OCD is also characterized by a rela tively new construct, mental contamination. Mental contam ination refers to the feelings of internal dirtiness and urges to wash that arise without contact with a physical contaminant.…”

Section: J Psychiatry Neurosci 2017;42(5)mentioning

confidence: 99%