Effective bioimpedance spectroscopy method for evaluation of body cell water compartments

Fiorini, Rodolfo A.; Dacquino, G.; Arrigo, Girolamo; Selicato, C.L.; D'Amico, G.

doi:10.1109/icbem.1998.666463

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…3-5). Similar results were reported by Fiorini et al [1998], who found at least a 10-fold accuracy improvement with the ECFC model. Although the ECFC model reproduced the experimental data better, there was still The unusual behavior observed in our experimental data could be due to a number of causes, such as, polarization phenomena from the skin-electrode interaction, the inductance of the conductors and/or the natural inductance of biological cells and body tissues.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…However, some studies show an unusual behavior on its experimental data, which cannot be explained or reproduced through theoretical predictions obtained by Cole and Cole [1941] [Khaled et al, 1995;Rigaud et al, 1995;Fiorini et al, 1998]. Our experimental data show this unusual behavior, which was observed for frequencies below a threshold (Table 1; .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

“…Through the Cole or Cole-Fricke-Cole (CFC) model [Cole, 1972], the impedance, resistance (R), reactance (X), and phase angle (F) can be computed. However, there are some studies that report an unusual behavior in their experimental data, which cannot be explained through a CFC model [Khaled et al, 1995;Rigaud et al, 1995;Fiorini et al, 1998]. This unusual behavior was also found in our experimental data.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…First, the tetrapolar electrode arrangement minimizes the contact impedance or skin-electrode interactions, leading to a negligible skin influence [Nyboer, 1970;Ackmann and Seitz, 1984;Lukaski, 1987]. Second, other researchers, who used other types of electrodes and multifrequency instruments, had also reported this unusual behavior [Khaled et al, 1995;Rigaud et al, 1995;Fiorini et al, 1998]. The second cause was because inductance of the conductors should produce a threshold frequency above 250 kHz, since this inductance magnitude is small.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Bioelectrical parameters of the whole human body obtained through bioelectrical impedance analysis

Lafargue

Cabrales

Larramendi

2002

Bioelectromagnetics

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Knowledge of electrical properties of body tissues across the frequency spectrum is useful for tissue characterization. The bioelectric impedance analysis method, operating from 1 to 250 kHz (multi-frequency), was used in 23 normal male human subjects between the ages of 21 and 52 years, for estimation of their bioelectrical parameters. Amplitude of the output current was set to 800 microA(RMS). The experimental data showed that bioelectric parameters were highly dependent on frequency and the presence of a threshold frequency around 4 kHz. In order to explain the unusual features observed in our experimental data, the human body was simulated through the Cole-Fricke-Cole model (RC circuit) and the Extended Cole-Fricke-Cole model (RLC circuit). The simulated data showed that the Extended Cole-Fricke-Cole model had a higher accuracy than the traditional Cole-Fricke-Cole model. These results suggest that the unusual features could be due to the possible existence of inductive effects in biological cells and body tissues and that the inductive parameter and the threshold frequency could be used for characterizing the healthy tissues as well as the traditional bioelectric parameters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Bioelectrical parameters of the whole human body obtained through bioelectrical impedance analysis

Lafargue

Cabrales

Larramendi

2002

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…It is a paper on impedance fitting using the well known theories of Macdonald [1992]. Fiorini et al [1998] propose the ECFC model, with an inductor. However, there is no change in the sign of the ''experimental'' data that they provide nor a decrease in the real part at low frequencies.…”

Section: (D) Supporting Referencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comments on “Bioelectrical parameters of the whole human body obtained through bioelectrical impedance analysis”

Riu¹

2003

Bioelectromagnetics

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The question of the existence of inductive phenomena in the human body that could affect bioimpedance measurements has been raised several times through the history of this technique. In a recent paper from Lafargue et al. [2002], an inductor is introduced in the so-called Cole-Fricke-Cole (CFC) model in order to fit experimental data. The inclusion of inductors in the low frequency range (f < 10 MHz) should not be required to explain any measured impedance data from the whole human body. In addition, the paper displays other issues that need to be addressed:Experimental data from 23 normal healthy subjects is presented in Lafargues's Figures 3, 4, and 5 for the real part, reactive part, and phase angle of the measured impedance. ''Error'' bars are included in the figures (standard deviation?). The displayed deviations are smaller than AE2% of the lowest resistance, which is in agreement with the deviations for the parameters of the model displayed in Table 1 of that paper. However, deviations found by other researchers are far larger than those. Ward et al. [2000], using data from about 5000 subjects, display deviations for the normalized impedance (resistance/height) ranging from AE10 to AE20% within ethnic groups and much larger if the total sample had been used. It is possible to calculate the probability of having such a group of 23 people displaying a deviation of AE2% out of a population that displays a deviation of AE10% by using a w 2 law; it is far below 10 À10 . Consequently, such a group of people cannot exist in practice. Rather, the data displayed look like having been obtained from a single subject measured several times (Lukaski [1990] reports a deviation of AE2% for a single subject measured during several consecutive days.) (b) MODEL FITTINGThe paper relies on the impossibility of fitting the experimental data to a CFC model. That model, which in fact is derived from the Maxwell-Wagner mixture equations, can be mathematically described as:where R 0 is the resistance measured at low frequencies, R 1 is the resistance measured at high frequencies, and t 0 is relaxation time constant (the absolute value for the imaginary part is maximum at o ¼ o 0 ¼ 1/t 0 ). It is clear from the data that neither R 1 nor o 0 can be obtained, since the imaginary part grows monotonically and the real part is decreasing monotonically. Only R 0 can be estimated. In this situation, there are multiple solutions to the fitting problem, so it is not credible that the best obtainable is the one displayed in Lafargue's Figures 3, 4, and 5. In fact, using R 0 ¼ 695 O, R 1 ¼ 372 O, and o 0 ¼ 400p krad/s, a mean square error (mse) of about 7% is obtained, while the fitting proposed by the authors has a mse of about 80%, excluding the measurement at 1 kHz in both cases. (c) THE ECFC MODELThe addition of an inductor is used mainly to explain the measurement point at 1 kHz. The real part of the impedance decreases, while the imaginary part increases suddenly. It is not clear if that imaginary part increases or changes its sign fro...

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The BCI Glossary: a first proposal for a community review

Antonietti

Balachandran²,

Hossaini

et al. 2021

Brain-Computer Interfaces

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Effective bioimpedance spectroscopy method for evaluation of body cell water compartments

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Bioelectrical parameters of the whole human body obtained through bioelectrical impedance analysis

Bioelectrical parameters of the whole human body obtained through bioelectrical impedance analysis

Comments on “Bioelectrical parameters of the whole human body obtained through bioelectrical impedance analysis”

The BCI Glossary: a first proposal for a community review

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