“…However, because of the need for costly equipment, lack of sensitivity, poor removal efficiency, and other factors, most of the preceding remedies can only be employed to a certain extent (Aryal et al, 2022;Aryal et al, 2019;Homagai et al, 2023;Saha et al, 2011). The adsorption method has become increasingly common due to the accessibility of less expensive components to produce inexpensive adsorbents (Bingol et al, 2004;Bashyal et al, 2023;Poudel et al, 2024). Agricultural residues (peels, seeds, husks, etc.)…”