Effective cross section of the Nd:YAG 1.0641-μm laser transition

Fuhrmann, K.; Hodgson, Norman; Hollinger, F.; Weber, Horst

doi:10.1063/1.339837

Cited by 33 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It consists in a periodic switch between both unidirectional regimes, with a period approximately equal to T 1 , and is sometimes called 'self-modulation regime of the second kind'. This regime, which had already been observed on lamp-pumped solidstate ring lasers [23], can be described theoretically [24] if one accounts for the existence of a second line in the emission spectrum of the Nd-YAG (something which is generally neglected invoking thermal equilibrium in the crystal due to phonon interactions [39]). Although it is in principle not necessary, we had in practice to modulate one of the laser parameters (namely the pump power) to observe this regime.…”

Section: Estimation Of the Relevant Laser Parametersmentioning

confidence: 90%

Oscillation regimes of a solid-state ring laser with active beat-note stabilization: From a chaotic device to a ring-laser gyroscope

et al. 2007

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We report experimental and theoretical study of a rotating diode-pumped Nd-YAG ring laser with active beat note stabilization. Our experimental setup is described in the usual Maxwell-Bloch formalism. We analytically derive a stability condition and some frequency response characteristics for the solid-state ring laser gyroscope, illustrating the important role of mode coupling effects on the dynamics of such a device. Experimental data are presented and compared with the theory on the basis of realistic laser parameters, showing a very good agreement. Our results illustrate the duality between the very rich non linear dynamics of the diode-pumped solid-state ring laser (including chaotic behavior) and the possibility to obtain a very stable beat note, resulting in a potentially new kind of rotation sensor.

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Section: Estimation Of the Relevant Laser Parametersmentioning

confidence: 90%

Oscillation regimes of a solid-state ring laser with active beat-note stabilization: From a chaotic device to a ring-laser gyroscope

et al. 2007

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“…The initial coordinate axes are related to the rotated ones (for ccw rotation) via: 66) This rnatrix equation also holds for the angles ",ß since they are defined thrOUgh x,ycoordinates. Thus the transformation mIes for the ray vector reads:…”

Section: Rotation and Tiltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Resonators

Hodgson

Weber

1997

118

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in writing of the publishers, or in the ease of reprographie reproduction in aeeordanee with the terms oflicences issued by the Copyright Licensing Ageney. Enquiries coneerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. © Springer-Verlag London 1997Originally published by Springer-Verlag London Limited in 1997. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1997 The use of registered names, trademarks, ete. in this publieation does not imply, even in the absence of a specifie statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the aeeuracy of the information eontained in this book and eannot aecept any legal responsibility or Iiability for any errors or omissions that may be made.Typesetting: Camera ready by authors 69/3830-543210 Printed on acid-free paper vi Preface resonators. Here we deal with linear stable and unstable resonators which represent probably 95% of all resonators currently used in lasers. Leaving the active medium out of the treatment is the classical approach to the subject since the gain generally only perturbs the physical properties ofthe resonator rather than completely changing them. The influence of the medium on the resonator properties will be discussed in Part IV. This part also reviews the physics of laser emission and presents output power calculation models as well as the effects of gain on the mode structure.A collection of special resonator concepts is presented in Part V. These concepts are either only used in a limited number of applications or laser designs, or might play an important role in the near future. Resonator schemes such as prism resonators, Fourier transform resonators, hybrid resonators, and resonators for annular gain media fall into this category. We also included the ring resonator into this part although some readers might argue that it deserves its own part since it is a widely used scheme and probably more important than any other resonator presented here.A collection of major measurement techniques is given in Part VI. This will help the practicing engineer to make a detailed analysis ofhis laser system. Among others, techniques for measuring gain, losses, and beam quality are invaluable for anyone designing and working with laser systems.A detailed reference list will help the reader to get more information on a preferred subject. Wehave included the titles of the publications as a help, and publications which give a good review or are a must to read are referred to in the text. We certainly do not claim completeness but to the best of our knowledge we have covered as many publications as possible. The references are listed in their chronological order to give the reader a feeling for the historical development in the specific area.We hope that this monograph will help you to get more insight into optical resonators and assist you in analyzing and solving the problems you are facing as a laser enginee...

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“…Our study deals for the most part with the 1064.15 nm emission line, sometimes referred to as R2, between the upper doublet of 4 F 3/2 and the Y3 level of 4 I 11/2 . As a matter of fact, it is known from previous studies [13,14] that the R1 line at 1064.4 nm (between the lower doublet of 4 F 3/2 and the Y2 level of 4 I 11/2 ) has a very small contribution to the overall gain, especially at low pumping rates.The paper is organized as follows. We first propose a theoretical model for calculating the coupling constant between two orthogonal modes of a Nd-YAG laser cavity, on the assumption that transition dipoles are collinear with YAG crystallographic axes.…”

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Orientation ofNd3+dipoles in yttrium aluminum garnet: Experiment and model

et al. 2009

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We report an experimental study of the 1.064 µm transition dipoles in neodymium doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd-YAG) by measuring the coupling constant between two orthogonal modes of a laser cavity for different cuts of the YAG gain crystal. We propose a theoretical model in which the transition dipoles, slightly elliptic, are oriented along the crystallographic axes. Our experimental measurements show a very good quantitative agreement with this model, and predict a dipole ellipticity between 2% and 3%. This work provides an experimental evidence for the simple description in which transition dipoles and crystallographic axes are collinear in Nd-YAG (with an accuracy better than 1 deg), a point that has been discussed for years. PACS numbers: 42.70.Hj, 42.55.Rz While Nd-YAG is one of the most (if not the most) commonly used solid-state laser crystals, the exact orientation of transition dipoles within it is still, paradoxically, an unresolved problem. This is probably owing to the fact that for most applications it is sufficient to consider the Nd-YAG crystal (usually grown along the 111 crystallographic axis) as isotropic, although it has been known for long [1,2] that Nd 3+ ions in this configuration rather see a D 2 symmetry, with six possible dodecahedral orientations. The influence of crystal symmetry on dipole orientations has been previously studied in saturable absorbers such as Cr-YAG [3,4,5] and Tm-YAG [6,7]. In the first case, it has been clearly established that transition dipoles were aligned with the crystal axes (labeled 100 , 010 and 001 ) [4,5] while in the second case it has been found that they were rather collinear with the 110 , 011 and 101 directions [7]. In the case of Nd-YAG, the answer to this question is still unclear in spite of several previous studies involving in particular dynamical polarization effects in Nd-YAG lasers [8,9,10,11].In this paper, we propose a new approach to probe the orientation of transition dipoles in Nd-YAG, by measuring the coupling constant between two linearly-polarized orthogonal modes of a laser cavity for different cuts of the gain crystal, using a steady-state method similar to the one described in [12]. The measured coupling constant is a dimensionless ratio between cross-saturation and selfsaturation coefficients, which is relatively independent of most laser parameters (pumping rate, birefringence,. . .), hence a good indicator for testing the validity of theoretical models. Our study deals for the most part with the 1064.15 nm emission line, sometimes referred to as R2, between the upper doublet of 4 F 3/2 and the Y3 level of 4 I 11/2 . As a matter of fact, it is known from previous studies [13,14] that the R1 line at 1064.4 nm (between the lower doublet of 4 F 3/2 and the Y2 level of 4 I 11/2 ) has a very small contribution to the overall gain, especially at low pumping rates.The paper is organized as follows. We first propose a theoretical model for calculating the coupling constant between two orthogonal modes of a Nd-YAG laser cavity, on t...

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Effective cross section of the Nd:YAG 1.0641-μm laser transition

Cited by 33 publications

References 9 publications

Oscillation regimes of a solid-state ring laser with active beat-note stabilization: From a chaotic device to a ring-laser gyroscope

Oscillation regimes of a solid-state ring laser with active beat-note stabilization: From a chaotic device to a ring-laser gyroscope

Optical Resonators

Orientation ofNd3+dipoles in yttrium aluminum garnet: Experiment and model

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