Effective Cultivation of Extra-Early Soybean Cultivar Cv. ‘Vniioz 86’ Under Irrigation

Abstract

The influence of sowing methods and irrigation regimes on productivity of extra-early soybean cultivar VNIIOZ 86 has been studied at Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture. The use of differential irrigation regimes (70-80-70% and 80-80-70% of FMC) resulted in 2.42 ... 2.51 t/ha yield and mid-level profitability of grain production (80.6%), which was 0.25 ... 0.34 t/ha more compared to the control (80-80-80% of FMC), as synchronization of vegetative growth and reproductive development increased grain amount in total biomass up to 36.2%. Differential irrigation regimes restrained an increase in crude protein level in the seeds (at the level of 35.4 ... 41.2%) compared with the control (36.5 ... 41%). However, they increased fat content in the seeds (18.1 ... 21.4%) compared to the control variant (16.1 ... 18.6%). Optimization of irrigation regime increased protein (up to 0.68 ... 0.94 t/ha) and fat (0.37 ... 0.46 t/ha) compared to the control (0.64 ... 0.83 t/ha and 0.29 ... 0.35 t/ha, respectively). The smallest water consumption coefficient was observed in sites with differential irrigation regimes-1,174 ... 1,524 m 3 /t, when in the control site it was 1,651 ... 1,977 m 3 /t. Extra-early VNIIOZ 86 plants require 8 ... 14 irrigations at a rate of 190 ... 230 m 3 /ha. It is enough to perform 8 irrigations in relatively favorable years (2013), and up to 14 irrigations in dry years (2014-2015). To maintain a differential irrigation regime, it is necessary to perform 8 ... 10 irrigations in wet and up to 10 ... 13 irrigations in dry years. The highly profitable cultivation of early soybeans (107.9%) was achieved using drilled sowing (0.30 × 0.042 m) that resulted in significant yield increase (up to 3.02 t/ha) which was 0.41 t/ha higher compared to wide-space sowing technique (0.70 × 0.024 m).

The effectiveness of cultivating soybean varieties of different maturity groups in the conditions of the central Ciscaucasia

“…Thus, at present, the selection of the most productive varieties adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the growing zone is one of the primary tasks in the agro-industrial complex. To complete the growing season, soybean varieties require a sum of active temperatures from 1700 to 2900 °C [8,9,10]. As scientific and industrial experience shows, in the conditions of the Stavropol Territory, if there are sufficient thermal resources, it is possible to grow quickly-ripening varieties with a growing season of 91-110, early-ripening varieties -111-120 and mid-ripening varieties -121-130 days, the limiting factor of soybean cultivation in the region is the presence of sufficient moisture [11,12,13].…”

Influence of irrigation regime on the chemical composition of soybean grains

“…The main part of the research related to the influence of the irrigation regime on the chemical composition of soybeans generally shows that with the improvement of the water supply of the plants, the protein content in the seeds decreases and the fat content increases, as the yield of both components increases due to an increase in total yield under irrigated conditions (Cucci et al, 1989;Martin de Santa Olalla et al, 1994;Shelkovkina 2004;Candoğan and Yazgan, 2016;Ghassemi-Golezani and Farshbaf-Jafari 2012;Morsy et al, 2018;Tolokonnikov et al, 2018aTolokonnikov et al, , 2018b2018c). For example, Balakay (2000) found that by lowering the content by 0.5-2.2%, irrigation even in humid years can increase protein yield by 1.5-2.5 times.…”