2024
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306998
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Effective degradation of various bacterial toxins using ozone ultrafine bubble water

Fumio Takizawa,
Hisanori Domon,
Satoru Hirayama
et al.

Abstract: Infectious and foodborne diseases pose significant global threats, with devastating consequences in low- and middle-income countries. Ozone, derived from atmospheric oxygen, exerts antimicrobial effects against various microorganisms, and degrades fungal toxins, which were initially recognized in the healthcare and food industries. However, highly concentrated ozone gas can be detrimental to human health. In addition, ozonated water is unstable and has a short half-life. Therefore, ultrafine-bubble technology … Show more

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