“…Online teaching, both synchronous and asynchronous, is not new, and there already exists a growing body of literature on this issue (e.g., Engelbrecht, & Harding, 2005;Hollebrands, & Lee, 2020;Joubert, 2013;Juan, Steegmann, Huertas, Jesus Martinez, & Simosa, 2011). Despite several differences between face to face and online education, previous studies (e.g., Engelbrecht & Harding, 2005;Joubert, 2013) highlighted that the basic principles of teaching and learning of mathematics should follow in an online environment; such as having a sound balance between teacher and learner-centred activities and creating opportunities for students to develop a relational understanding of mathematics, or from the commognitive perspective, making their transition from ritualised to explorative discourse.…”