Effective Detection of Epileptic Seizures through EEG Signals Using Deep Learning Approaches

Abstract

Epileptic seizures are a prevalent neurological condition that impacts a considerable portion of the global population. Timely and precise identification can result in as many as 70% of individuals achieving freedom from seizures. To achieve this, there is a pressing need for smart, automated systems to assist medical professionals in identifying neurological disorders correctly. Previous efforts have utilized raw electroencephalography (EEG) data and machine learning techniques to classify behaviors in patients with epilepsy. However, these studies required expertise in clinical domains like radiology and clinical procedures for feature extraction. Traditional machine learning for classification relied on manual feature engineering, limiting performance. Deep learning excels at automated feature learning directly from raw data sans human effort. For example, deep neural networks now show promise in analyzing raw EEG data to detect seizures, eliminating intensive clinical or engineering needs. Though still emerging, initial studies demonstrate practical applications across medical domains. In this work, we introduce a novel deep residual model called ResNet-BiGRU-ECA, analyzing brain activity through EEG data to accurately identify epileptic seizures. To evaluate our proposed deep learning model’s efficacy, we used a publicly available benchmark dataset on epilepsy. The results of our experiments demonstrated that our suggested model surpassed both the basic model and cutting-edge deep learning models, achieving an outstanding accuracy rate of 0.998 and the top F1-score of 0.998.

Signal to Image Conversion and Convolutional Neural Networks for Physiological Signal Processing: A Review

“…The ictal signal is the EEG data recorded during an active seizure event, capturing the seizure dynamics. The ictal signals can be further categorised as focal and non-focal EEG signals, where Focal (Partial) Seizure EEG Signals originate in a specific brain region, with localised abnormal activity in EEG, and Non-Focal (Generalized) Seizure EEG signals involve widespread and symmetric activity, affecting both hemispheres from the start, which help in diagnosing focal and non-focal epilepsy in patients [71], [72].…”