Effective Dose of Radon 222 Bottled Water in Different Age Groups Humans: Bandar Abbas City, Iran

Abstract

Radon 222 is a natural radioactive element with a half-life of 3.8 days. It is odorless and colorless as well as water-soluble. Consuming waters which contain high concentration of 222Rn would increase the effective dose received by different age groups. It would also be followed by an increased prevalence of cancer. In this research, 72 samples of the most commonly used bottled water in Bandar Abbas were collected in 3 consecutive months, May, June and July of 2013. Concentration 222Rn of was measured by radon-meter model RTM166-2. The effective dose received by the 4 age groups, male and female adults as well as children and infants was estimated using the equation proposed by UNSCEAR. The results revealed that the mean and range concentration of 222Rn in bottled waters were 641±9 Bq/m3 and 0-901 Bq/m3, respectively. The mean concentration of 222Rn in the well-known Marks followed this Zam Zam>Bishe>Koohrng>Dassani>Christal>Polour>Damavand>Sivan. Infants were observed to receive a higher effective dose than children. The highest and lowest effective dose received was found to belong to male adults and children, respectively.

Distribution of 222Rn in groundwater and estimation of resulting radiation dose to different age groups: A case study from Bangalore City

“…On the other end, in spite of having greater radio-sensitivity due to juvenile tissues, the portion of annual effective dose received by infants and children are on lower side as their quota of water consumption is very less compared to that of adults. The present findings were in agreement with the findings of Fakhri et al (2016) in that annually received effective dose by male and female adults were higher than children and infants due to more water consumption. Moreover, significant transformations in the effective dose received by different age groups of infants, children, teens, adult men, and women can be attributed to variation in their amount of water consumption rate and utilization of same dose conversion coefficient for all age groups.…”

“…Moreover, significant transformations in the effective dose received by different age groups of infants, children, teens, adult men, and women can be attributed to variation in their amount of water consumption rate and utilization of same dose conversion coefficient for all age groups. Despite less per-capita drinking water consumption in infants, the study by Fakhri et al (2016) reported higher effective dose for infants over children, probably due to usage of bigger conversion coefficient for infants over children and adults. Overall, it can be stated from the present study that amount of water consumption by lactating women and male adults over other age groups has resulted in higher annual effective dose in them compared to that for pregnant women, adult females, teenagers, children, and infants.…”

“…Radon is readily soluble in water and its solubility decreases rapidly with an increase in temperature. Also, water-borne radon is believed to cause higher health risk than all other contaminants combined appearing in drinking water (Savidou et al 2001) because people are constantly either externally or internally exposed to radioactive materials especially 222 Rn through respiration and drinking water (Fakhri et al 2016), contributing to substantial part of radiological hazard. Water-borne radon deliver whole body radiation dose by entering gastro-intestinal tract via drinking water.…”

“…Thus, it is very essential to assess the presence of this radionuclide in different water sources, particularly underground sources (Fonollosa, et al 2016) in order to protect the population from consequence of excessive internal radiation exposure from 222 Rn (Kumar et al 2017). Many researchers (Binesh et al 2010(Binesh et al & 2011Fakhri et al 2016;Somlai et al 2007) have recorded significant differences between the effective dose received by infants, children, and adult men and women by using higher conversion factor for infants and children and lower dose conversion factor (DCF) for adults according to their radio-sensitivity. The present research is one such attempt to quantify the concentration of 222 Rn in 65 groundwater samples from selected parts of Bangalore city.…”

Natural Radioactivity in Drinking Water Sources of the Republic of Moldova

“…About 72 samples of the most commonly used bottled waters of Bandar Abbas (Iran) which were collected for 3 consecutive months, May, June and July 2013 were studied [8]. 222 Rn concentration was measured with RTM1688-2 model.…”