Effective Extraction of Bisphenol Compounds from Milk with Stable Zr(IV)-Based Metal–Organic Framework Particles

Abstract

Bisphenol compounds (BPs) have recently been the subject of growing interest due to their wide use in industrial and consumer products. Besides their adverse effects on human endocrine system, effective extraction of BPs and their elimination from complex sample matrix are still significant challenges in food analysis. Herein, a novel Zr(IV)-based metal−organic framework (MOF), named BUT-16, has been synthesized and utilized for the extraction and enrichment of BPs in milk samples. Bisphenol A (BPA), one of the highest production volume BPs, is used as a model molecule. The uptake capacity for BPA can reach up to 48 mg/ g, and the adsorption rate is rapid (∼10 min), because of the larger surface area and cooperation of multiple functionalities of BUT-16. Employing BUT-16 in solid-phase extraction, coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection, we generated a rapid, facile, and robust method for the enrichment and detection of trace BPA and its 12 substitutes in milk samples. After optimization, the limits of detection and quantification for BPs can be achieved as low as 0.05 and 0.2 ng/mL, respectively. Without the correction of the isotopic internal standard, the average recoveries of BPs at the different spiked concentrations varied from 63.8 to 120.6%, with a satisfactory precision (RSD ≤ 8.2%). Furthermore, the proposed method was successfully applied to the detection of BPs in real milk samples, and the results were in accordance with those of methods reported previously.

Functional Melanin Nanoparticles-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry for High-Sensitivity Detection of TBBPA and TBBPS Contaminations in Animal-Derived Foodstuffs

“…4,5 Dietary ingestion from these potentially hazardous chemicals is considered as the primary route of exposure to threaten human health. 6−8 Over the past decades, although some techniques with gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 9 liquid chromatography−mass spectrometry (LC-MS), 10 and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) 11 were developed for the detection of TBBPA and TBBPS, there were still shortcoming and limitations due to their complex sample preparation procedures, time-consuming analysis, and high organic solvent amount. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a sensitive and rapid approach for the detection of TBBPA and TBBPS in food samples.…”

“…Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS), served as the class of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), have been widely utilized with additives in various products containing polycarbonate plastics; according to an annual output, more than 100,000 tons have been used. − However, it is reported that even low levels of TBBPA and TBBPS can disrupt the endocrine system, affect neurobehavioral function, damage the liver, etc. , Dietary ingestion from these potentially hazardous chemicals is considered as the primary route of exposure to threaten human health. − Over the past decades, although some techniques with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were developed for the detection of TBBPA and TBBPS, there were still shortcoming and limitations due to their complex sample preparation procedures, time-consuming analysis, and high organic solvent amount. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a sensitive and rapid approach for the detection of TBBPA and TBBPS in food samples.…”