“…[ 32 ] Bayar convolution, introduced by Belhassen Bayar, also contributes to the inconsistent noise detection. [ 14 ] Single‐stream approaches [ 14,19,30,31 ] may overlook critical data, prompting some researchers to adopt multi‐stream strategies that promise a more comprehensive and robust analysis. [ 16,21,25,29,33 ] In these multi‐stream approaches, each stream operates autonomously to compute and extract features, leaving the potential for cross‐backbone feature fusion largely unexplored.…”