Effective Inhibition of Cardiolipin‐Binding Antibodies in Gram‐Negative Infections by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) were detected by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in the majority of sera from patients with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. The response involved all the major immunoglobulin classes IgG, IgM, and IgA. The specificity of the ACA was studied in competitive inhibition experiments with three putative antigens: cardiolipin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from Salmonella minnesota, strain Re 595, and synthetic Escherichia coli lipid A. The binding of IgG class ACA from the sera of five patients with Gram-negative infections was effectively inhibited by LPS, whereas 100-fold more cardiolipin was required for comparable inhibition. Pure lipid A was a less effective inhibitor of anticardiolipin activity than LPS. This pattern of reactivity was not seen in sera from patients with Gram-positive infections, syphilis, or systemic lupus erythematosus. Our findings suggest that cardiolipin may not be the inducing antigen for the cardiolipin-binding antibodies that develop in Gram-negative infections.

Induction of anticardiolipin antibody and/or lupus anticoagulant in rabbits by immunization with lipoteichoic acid, lipopolysaccharide and lipid A

“…[5][6][7][8] We conducted this study to clarify whether or not aCL and/or lupus anticoagulant (LA), which is another well-known aPL, can be induced in rabbits by immunization with the Gram-positive and -negative microorganism components: lipoteichoic acid, lipopolysaccharide and lipid A.…”

Seasonal Distribution of Antiphospholipid Antibodies

“…1,8,20 -22 Antiphospholipid antibodies in sera from patients infected with Gram-negative bacteria and chlamydia were shown to react to lipopolysaccharide from a rough strain of salmonella. 23 Because phospholipids are constituents of cell membranes, it has been proposed that aPL antibody generation might be an autoimmune response to human tissue damage or a result of cross-reactivity to similar antigens of human tissue and microorganism structures. 22 Several studies have shown that anionic phospholipids require a cofactor to form a phospholipid-protein complex that presents the antigenic epitope to aPL antibodies.…”

Letale Sinusvenenthrombose bei einer Patientin mit Mischkollagenose und sekundärem Antiphospholipid-Antikörper-Syndrom

“…Historisch wurden die ersten Antiphospholipid-Antikörper als jene Faktoren identifiziert, die bei der Luesdiagnostik eine positive "Wassermann-Reaktion" oder "Kardiolipin-Flockung" auslösten [24]. Jedoch können auch bei anderen Infektionskrankheiten als der Lues zumindest temporär AntiphospholipidAntikörper auftreten [20,23]. In den 50er Jahren wurde bei Patienten mit Kollagenosen das sog.…”