Effective Inoculation of Grey Cast Iron

Kopyciński, D.; Dorula, Józef

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-48111-1_16

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Their low density causes them to flow to the surface layer of the casting, thus reducing its quality. It thus seems obvious that sulfur in cast iron should be eliminated or reduced to a minimum during the nodularization process in mold; however, authors [9][10][11][12][13][14] noted that there is a certain minimum amount of sulfur in cast iron that is required to produce cast iron of an adequate quality due to the correct morphology of graphite precipitates. The authors [1] showed the production process of cast iron castings with vermicular graphite precipitates, where sulfur compounds were deliberately added into the liquid alloy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Phenomena of the In-Mold Nodularization Process of Cast Iron That Influence the Quality of Cast Machine Parts

2017

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This paper discusses a problem connected with the production process of ductile iron castings made using the in-mold method. The study results are presented showing that this method compromises the quality of the cast machine parts and of the equipment itself. Specifics of the nodularization process using the in-mold method do not provide the proper conditions for removal of chemical reaction products to the slag, i.e., the products stay in the mold cavity and they also decrease the quality of the casting. In this work, corrosion-type defects were diagnosed mostly on the surface of the casting and some compounds in the near-surface layer-i.e., fayalite (Fe 2 SiO 4 ) and forsterite (Mg 2 SiO 4 )-which cause discontinuities in the metal matrix. The results presented here were selected based on experimental melts of ductile iron. The elements of the mold used in this study, the shape of the mixing chamber, charge materials, method of melting, temperature of liquid metal, etc. were directly related to the production conditions. An analysis was conducted of the chemical composition using a Leco GDS500A spectrometer and a carbon and sulfur Leco CS125 analyzer. Metallographic examinations were conducted using a Phenom-ProX scanning electron microscope with an EDS system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Phenomena of the In-Mold Nodularization Process of Cast Iron That Influence the Quality of Cast Machine Parts

2017

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“…For the developed injection trials, the number of eutectic cells decreased as the particle size of the inoculant increased. A more refined microstructure was obtained when the number of eutectic cells increased and the mechanical properties of the cast irons were enhanced [4,33]. Figures 13 and 14 show the etched microstructure of heats produced for the thickness of the samples of 12.7 and 25.4 mm, respectively.…”

Section: Injection Trials 33mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In gray cast iron, the nucleation of graphite is mainly carried out by inoculation which improves the graphite dispersion, increasing the nucleation of eutectic grains by heterogeneous nucleation [3]. Inoculants are alloys added in small amounts to increase the number of active nuclei for the graphite nucleation and high effective grain refinement is achieved [4,5]. Inoculants are ferrosilicon alloys that may contain Al, Ca, Ba, Sr, Zr, and Rare Earths, which are known as inoculant elements that promote and participate in the creation of micron-sized active compounds in the melt, to act as effective graphite nucleation sites [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental assessment of the gray cast iron production by inoculant injection

Reyes-Castellanos

Cruz-Ramírez

Gutiérrez-Pérez

et al. 2021

J min metall B Metall

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An initial assessment of the gray cast irons production by injecting an inoculant with a conveying gas into a molten iron bath was evaluated at a laboratory scale. A numerical simulation was carried out to determine the hydrodynamic behavior between the inoculant particles injected into the molten iron. It was determined that an optimal interaction between the particles with the molten iron occurs at a lance depth of 7 cm and for the particle sizes fine (211 to 297 ?m) and medium (421 to 590 ?m), the residence time was of 0.38 and 0.4 s, respectively. The melting time was calculated at 0.0008 and 0.003 s for the particle sizes fine and medium, respectively. So, after injection, the FeSi of the inoculant melts quickly, releasing the elements of the inoculant which interact with the molten iron and forms oxides and sulfides creating nucleating sites during solidification. The injection technique allows obtaining a type-A graphite distribution for the fine and medium particle sizes. The number of eutectic cells was increased when the inoculant particle size was decreased despite of the low graphitisers elements, and manganese contents used in the gray cast iron manufacturing.

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“…Among the variables that influence the mechanical properties of GCI are reasonable chemical composition, heat treatment, inoculation treatment, and more [6][7][8][9][10]. Inoculation treatment is a common method to obtain highperformance GCI, which is favourable for the nucleation of graphite and promotes the formation of lamellar pearlite [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of V-Mn-Cr inoculant on microstructure and mechanical properties of grey cast iron

Ji,

Du,

Cao

et al. 2023

Ironmaking & Steelmaking

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In this study, the effects of different composition V-Mn-Cr inoculants on the microstructure and mechanical properties of GCI were investigated through Optical microscope (OM), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. The results showed that the optimum quantity of inoculant was 7% V, 1% Mn and 6% Cr, and compared with the commercial inoculant samples, the tensile strength, Brinell hardness, and elastic modulus of the V-Mn-Cr inoculant samples increased by 16.7%, 14.2%, and 12.8%, respectively. V-Mn-Cr inoculants were found to refine austenite, graphite, pearlite and eutectic cells size, reduce pearlite lamellar spacing, and increase pearlite and eutectic cells number, thus improving mechanical properties. In addition, graphite nucleation substance may consist of oxides (SiO 2 , FeO, Cr 2 O 3 ), carbides (SiC, TiC), sulfides (MnS, FeS), and XO•SiO 2 silicates (X: Mn, Fe, Ca).

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Effective Inoculation of Grey Cast Iron

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Selected Phenomena of the In-Mold Nodularization Process of Cast Iron That Influence the Quality of Cast Machine Parts

Selected Phenomena of the In-Mold Nodularization Process of Cast Iron That Influence the Quality of Cast Machine Parts

Experimental assessment of the gray cast iron production by inoculant injection

Effect of V-Mn-Cr inoculant on microstructure and mechanical properties of grey cast iron

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