Effective Perforating Design for Matrix Acidizing in Pre-Salt Carbonates

Filho, Hercilio Pereira Silva; William, Awad; Gabriel, Eris; Junk, Elmar; Boucher, Andrew; Baumann, Carlos Erik

doi:10.2118/130379-ms

SPE EUROPEC/EAGE Annual Conference and Exhibition 2010

DOI: 10.2118/130379-ms

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Effective Perforating Design for Matrix Acidizing in Pre-Salt Carbonates

Hercilio Pereira Silva Filho

Awad William

Eris Gabriel

et al.

Abstract: Engineers face many challenges in deciding how to complete Pre-Salt, carbonate reservoirs offshore Brazil. These challenges include: predicting reservoir performance; evaluating well productivity; determining the best completion design strategy; and finally, determining the best matrix stimulation techniques. Matrix acidizing is a common approach to enhance production from carbonate reservoirs. Well defined wormholes bypass near wellbore damage and provide greater reservoir productivity. Poorly known microbial… Show more

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Cited by 5 publications

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Perforating on Wireline – Weak-Point Load Prediction

et al. 2012

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Thousands of wireline conveyed perforating jobs are executed every month around the world; however certain jobs have a higher risk of weak-point breakage due to dynamic pressure loads, known as gunshock loads. Gunshock loads result from pressure waves in fluids and stress waves in structural components. Perforating under all conditions (i.e. static/dynamic overbalance or underbalance) can produce pressure waves and/or reservoir surge of large magnitude leading to wireline weak-point (WWP) failures and/or cable damage. These risks are assessed as part of the job preparations. In this paper we focused on Dynamic Underbalance (DUB) because perforating with DUB can deliver clean perforations with very low risk of gunshock damage when properly planned. For any perforating job on wireline, the magnitude and duration of pressure and stress waves depend on job parameters that can be adjusted, such as type and size of guns, shaped charges, gun loading layout, wellbore fluid, placement of packers and plugs, and cable size. For perforation damage removal we need a job design to generate a DUB of enough magnitude, using the right gun types and loading to produce a DUB of large-amplitude but short-duration, thus removing perforating rock damage while minimizing gunshock loads on the WWP. Perforating job designs are evaluated with software that predicts the transient fluid pressure waves in the wellbore and the associated structural loads on the cable and tools. All aspects of well perforating are modeled including gun filling, wellbore pressure waves, wellbore and reservoir fluid flow, and the dynamics of all relevant solid components like cable, shock absorbers, tools, and guns. When planning perforation jobs that may have a significant risk of weak-point breakage, we predict the peak dynamic loads on the cable and weak-point during the design process, and when necessary we make design modifications to reduce the peak load on the WWP. The software’s predictive capabilities are demonstrated by comparing downhole fast gauge pressure data (110,000 data points per sec), shock absorber deformation, and cable tension logs with the corresponding simulated values. Fast gauge pressure data from perforation jobs shows that the software predictions are sufficiently accurate to evaluate the gunstring dynamics and the associated peak tension load on the WWP as part of the job planning process. Residual deformation of shock absorbers correlate well with predicated peak axial loads at the WWP, and available cable tension logs from vertical wells show that the cable surface tension is well predicted. The simulation software described in this paper is used to minimize the risk of unexpected release of tools and guns due to perforating dynamic loads, thereby minimizing the probability of non-productive time (NPT) and fishing operations.

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Perforating on Wireline – Weak-Point Load Prediction

et al. 2012

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Perforating Gunshock Loads - Prediction and Mitigation

Baumann

Lazaro

Valdivia

et al. 2013

SPE/IADC Drilling Conference

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Perforating wells calls for careful planning to maximize well productivity over the life of the well, and to prevent time and money losses due to unexpected side effects. A large class of wells and in particular high-pressure wells are susceptible to gunshock damage when they are perforated with inappropriate gun systems. This paper presents applications of a simulation methodology to predict gunshock loads for tubing-conveyed and wireline-conveyed perforating jobs. With this simulation methodology we can evaluate the sensitivity of gunshock loads to changes in gun type, charge type, shot density, cable size, tubing size and length, number of shock absorbers, rathole length, placement and setting of packers, and early reservoir response, among many others.When planning perforating jobs, engineers strive to minimize the risk of equipment damage due to gunshock loads. With the simulation software presented in this paper, engineers can identify perforating jobs with significant risk of gunshock related damage, such as unintentional pull-offs, bent tubing and unset packers. When predicted gunshock loads are large, changes to the perforating equipment or job execution parameters are made to reduce gunshock loads to an acceptable level.Fast gauge pressure data from perforating jobs shows that wellbore pressure transients can be accurately predicted. For well prepared simulation models, typical peak sustained pressure amplitudes at the gauges are on average within 10% of simulated values. In jobs where shock absorbers were used, residual deformations of crushable elements correlate well with predicted peak axial loads; which confirms that gunshock loads on the equipment are well predicted.With the simulation methodology described in this paper engineers can evaluate perforating job designs in a short time, and they can optimize perforating jobs by reducing gunshock loads and equipment costs. The ability to predict and mitigate gunshock damage in perforating operations is very important because of the high cost of typical high-pressure wells.

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Wireline Perforating Technology Maximizes Well Productivity and Minimizes Operational Risks

Baumann

Gultom

Williams

et al. 2014

SPE Latin America and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference

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In this paper we describe a perforating technology that helped deliver highly productive wells in the Tunu field, a multilayer sandstone gas reservoir in Indonesia. We describe the simulation models used to evaluate perforating designs and operational risks, and we include post-job productivity data for 9 wells, all of which ended up delivering more than 500% of the expected productivity, in large part due to highly conductive perforation tunnels. The intervention technique used in the Tunu field is based on applying Dynamic Underbalance (DUB) perforating with a nitrogen kick-off technique to perforate on balance or slightly under-balance. This technique enables perforating long intervals with deep penetrating charges at high shot density, and with very low risk of gun jumping. This technique also promotes natural well flow after perforating, without the extra cost of coiled tubing intervention to perform liquid unloading. We discuss several aspects of job design and simulation. Predictive simulations based on API RP 19B Section 4 data and rock perforating models for sandstones indicated that perforating damage clean-up with dynamic underbalance would deliver the highest well productivity. The simulation model that predicts wellbore dynamics, namely pressure waves in the wellbore, at the sand face and inside the reservoir, also predicts the gunstring dynamics with the associated gunshock loads on the conveyance. Gunshock simulations showed that the DUB technique also minimizes operational risks. All the important aspects of the DUB perforating technique were predicted in the job planning stages. Guns were custom loaded to produce a good dynamic underbalance to remove the low permeability crushed rock zone from inside and around the perforation tunnels, thus minimizing perforation skin and maximizing well productivity. In many cases well productivity turned out to be exceedingly high, more than 500% of the initially expected productivity for7 DUB perforating jobs and 2 DUB post-perforating clean-up jobs.

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Effective Perforating Design for Matrix Acidizing in Pre-Salt Carbonates

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Perforating on Wireline – Weak-Point Load Prediction

Perforating on Wireline – Weak-Point Load Prediction

Perforating Gunshock Loads - Prediction and Mitigation

Wireline Perforating Technology Maximizes Well Productivity and Minimizes Operational Risks

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