“…These strategies include gene cloning and repeated selection of high-yielding strains from heterogeneous cell populations using plant tissue culture techniques such as clonal micropropagation, callus, hairy root, and protoplast cultures ( Solle et al., 2016 ). Several secondary compounds, being produced by using tissue culture techniques from various explant sources, are identified as follows: phenolics including caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid and rosmarinic acid hexoside, salvianolic acid, salvianolic acid K, salvianolic acid F isomer I, salvianolic acid F isomer II, caffeic acid derivative I, caffeic acid derivative II, and methyl rosmarinate from the leaves and shoots of Salvia bulleyana ( Wojciechowska et al., 2020 ); iridoid glycosides (aucubin, harpagide, harpagoside) and phenylethanoid glycosides (verbascoside and isoverbascoside) from the seeds, leaves and shoots of Rehmannia elata ( Piatczak et al., 2019 ); podophyllotoxin-related compounds (6-methoxy-podophyllotoxin, podophyllotoxin and deoxypodophyllotoxin) from the hypocotyls of Linum flavum ( Renouard et al., 2018 ); psoralen, daidzein and genistein bioactive compounds from the cotyledon callus cultures of Cullen corylifolium ( Singh et al., 2020 ); triterpenoids (madecassoside, asiaticoside, madecassic acid, and asiatic acid) from the petioles and leaves of Centella asiatica ( Baek et al., 2020 ); crocin, pircorcrocin, safronal from the corms of Crocus sativus ( Ahamed, 2019 ); phenolic acids (Caffeic acid, Syringic acid, p-Coumaric acid, ferulic acid, Salicylic acid) and flavonoids (rutin, Myricetin and Kaempferol) from the nodes, internodes and leaves of Sphagneticola calendulacea ( Kundu et al., 2018 ); meroterpene bakuchiol from the cotyledone-derived callus, seeds, leaves, internodes and roots of Psoralea drupacea ( Lystvan et al., 2010 ); tryptophan-derived quinoline alkaloid camptothecin from the shoots and leaves of Ophiorrhiza alata ( Ya-ut et al., 2011 ); monoterpene-derived indole alkaloid camptothecin from the radicle-derived roots of Pyrenacantha volubilis ( Hima et al., 2019 ); and phenolic acids (Rosmarinic acid, Caffeic acid, Lithospermic acid, Chlorogenic acid, Cinnamic acid) from the leaves and shoots of Mentha spicata ( Yousefian et al., 2020 ); flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, fatty acids and aromatic glycosides from callus and suspension cultures of Carthamus tinctorius ( Liu et al., 2021 ); epigallocatechin and chlorogenic acid from callus and suspension cultures of Oryza sativa ( El-Beltagi et al., 2022 ) and phenolics, flavonoids, tannins and essential oils from nodal segments of Artemisia arborescens ( Riahi et al., 2022 ).…”