Effective Recovery Process of Copper from Waste Printed Circuit Boards Utilizing Recycling of Leachate

Rajahalme, Joona; Perämäki, Siiri; Budhathoki, Roshan; Väisänen, Ari

doi:10.1007/s11837-020-04510-z

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…PCBs were crushed into 1 × 1 cm pieces with pliers and treated with an aq 5 M HNO 3 solution at 70 °C to prepare a stock solution, which was used for the preparation of catalytic materials. Nitric acid has been reported for metal leaching of E-waste. − Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis of the acid leachate stock solution showed that copper was the main component (∼40 g/L), with significant amounts of Ni (1.33 g/L). Other metals such as Zn, Fe, Pb, and Sn have been detected in much smaller quantities (<1 g/L).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Mobile Phones to Catalysts: E-Waste-Derived Heterogeneous Copper Catalysts for Hydrogenation Reactions

Ryabchuk

Anwar

Dastgir

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Electronic waste or E-waste, produced from end-of-life electronic equipment, is the fastest growing solid waste stream, and its rapid generation creates significant environmental problems on a global scale. E-waste contains valuable metals in much higher concentrations than their respective primary resourcesmetal ores. Currently, less than a quarter of all E-waste is being recycled to recover precious metals; thus, most of the waste is being exported to developing countries, where it is often landfilled and stockpiled. Poor treatment of this hazardous waste causes environmental damage and poses serious health risks to inhabitants in these areas. Therefore, the development of new strategies for the recovery and valorization of metals from E-waste is of increasing importance. In this paper, we describe a methodology for converting E-waste to useful catalytic materials while producing gold-enriched solids as the byproduct. In particular, we report a copper-based heterogeneous catalyst (Cu-iKat) obtained from cellular and mobile phone printed circuit boards (PCBs) via precipitation/deposition of PCB metal leachate on an inert γalumina support. This Cu-iKat was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and its catalytic activity was demonstrated on hydrogenation of ketones and N-heterocycles. Moreover, Cu-iKat can be used for deoxygenation of benzyl alcohols and hydrogenolysis of formamides to amines and methanol.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Mobile Phones to Catalysts: E-Waste-Derived Heterogeneous Copper Catalysts for Hydrogenation Reactions

Ryabchuk

Anwar

Dastgir

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Recently, a similar investigation was conducted by [33], which focused mainly on copper leaching and was followed by electro-winning process (Figure 1b). In contrast to the earlier study, mentioned in the above paragraph, here the authors used sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) in the presence of H 2 O 2 as an oxidant.…”

Section: Chemical Leachingmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…As part of extractive metallurgy, hydrometallurgy is a well-established process which is applied successfully for metal leaching from both primary and secondary resources [22,26]. Nowadays, several researches are being undertaken on chemical leaching of critical metals including REE [26][27][28][29], base metals [30][31][32][33] and precious metals [34][35][36] from e-waste materials. The process is mainly divided into three steps (leaching, solid liquid separation/purification and metal recovery).…”

Section: Chemical Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Chemical versus Microbial Leaching of Electronic Wastes with Emphasis on Base Metals Dissolution

et al. 2021

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There is a growing interest in electronic wastes (e-wastes) recycling for metal recovery because the fast depletion of worldwide reserves for primary resources is gradually becoming a matter of concern. E-wastes contain metals with a concentration higher than that present in the primary ores, which renders them as an apt resource for metal recovery. Owing to such aspects, research is progressing well to address several issues related to e-waste recycling for metal recovery through both chemical and biological routes. Base metals, for example, Cu, Ni, Zn, Al, etc., can be easily leached out through the typical chemical (with higher kinetics) and microbial (with eco-friendly benefits) routes under ambient temperature conditions in contrast to other metals. This feature makes them the most suitable candidates to be targeted primarily for metal leaching from these waste streams. Hence, the current piece of review aims at providing updated information pertinent to e-waste recycling through chemical and microbial treatment methods. Individual process routes are compared and reviewed with focus on non-ferrous metal leaching (with particular emphasis on base metals dissolution) from some selected e-waste streams. Future outlooks are discussed on the suitability of these two important extractive metallurgical routes for e-waste recycling at a scale-up level along with concluding remarks.

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“…It is reported that Jiangsu Province, as one of the most crucial electronic products manufacturing areas in China, produces more than 350,000 tons of spent coppery etchant every year [3]. Spent coppery etchant is a kind of hazardous waste (HW22) listed on the National Hazardous Waste List and usually contains about 10% copper and other heavy metals in varying amounts, such as zinc, nickel, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Assessment of Recycled Products of Spent Coppery Etchant in Jiangsu Province, China

Hua

Zhang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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With the vigorous development of the 5G industry, the characteristic hazardous waste, spent coppery etchant, was also produced in large quantities. In recent years, there are many companies that have begun to collect spent coppery etchant for the purpose of producing recycled products, such as copper sulfate, copper oxide, basic copper chloride, and copper powder, which often contain large amounts of heavy metals. However, due to the lack of relevant standards and applicable regulatory measures, some of the recycled products flow to the feed processing industry and even to the food processing industry. This study investigated the pollution status of heavy metals in recycled products of spent coppery etchant and evaluated the impact of recycled products exposure on human health. The results showed that the content of Zn was the highest, which was 21 times higher than the corresponding standard limit. Human health risk assessment indicated that the hazard quotients of As account for 87.5% of the entire HI value, while the average carcinogenic risk values of As for copper sulfate, copper oxide, basic copper chloride, and copper powder are 1.09 × 10−5, 3.19 × 10−5, 1.29 × 10−5, 7.94 × 10−6, respectively. Meanwhile, suggestions on the supervision of recycled products and the concentration limits of heavy metals in recycled products were put forward.

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Effective Recovery Process of Copper from Waste Printed Circuit Boards Utilizing Recycling of Leachate

Cited by 23 publications

References 41 publications

From Mobile Phones to Catalysts: E-Waste-Derived Heterogeneous Copper Catalysts for Hydrogenation Reactions

From Mobile Phones to Catalysts: E-Waste-Derived Heterogeneous Copper Catalysts for Hydrogenation Reactions

A Review on Chemical versus Microbial Leaching of Electronic Wastes with Emphasis on Base Metals Dissolution

Environmental Risk Assessment of Recycled Products of Spent Coppery Etchant in Jiangsu Province, China

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