Effective removal of cationic methylene blue dye using nano‐hydroxyapatite synthesized from fish scale bio‐waste

Abstract

Nano-hydroxyapatite (NHAp) with a novel rod shape was synthesized from an economical and easily accessible Labeo rohita fish scale bio-waste by facile and straightforward alkaline heat treatment method. The purity, functionality, morphology, and surface area of the green synthesized NHAp powder were well-characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The TEM and BET results indicate that the apatite is prepared as a rod-like particle and highly porous with high surface area (112.36 m 2 g −1 ). The NHAp powder was used for the adsorptive removal of cationic dye-methylene blue (MB) from the aqueous samples.Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the mechanism of adsorption and kinetic models. The NHAp achieved an enhanced adsorption efficiency (666.67 mg g −1 ) for the adsorption process. The obtained results perfectly obeyed the pseudo-second-order model, and the Langmuir isotherm exhibited an excellent relationship with the experimental data. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies reveal that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. Thus, the results proved that Labeo rohita fish scale bio-waste derived NHAp can be inventively utilized as a cost-effective and eco-friendly adsorbent for wastewater treatment.

Thermochemical Conversion of Animal-Derived Waste: A Mini-Review with a Focus on Chicken Bone Waste

“…These studies applied ultrasound technologies to obtain a highly adsorbent HAp enriched with another chemical compound (3-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilanes) [66]. Elsewhere, Athinarayanan et al [67] employed conventional heating to obtain nano-HAp with a very high surface area (112.36 m 2 g −1 ) [68]. Other studies have obtained HAp by calcinating eggshells and other CaCO 3 -rich wastes, such as bones [69].…”

Chemical Compositions and Characteristics of Biocalcium from Pre-Cooked Tuna Bone as Influenced by Sodium Chloride Pretreatment and Defatting by Asian Seabass Lipase

“…The Con-BC and DF-BC powders exhibited mole ratios of Ca and P at 1.30 and 1.39, respectively. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was typically documented as the main mineral phase in fish bones [21,22]. Pure hydroxyapatite consists of 39.8% Ca and 18.5% P, with a Ca/P mole ratio of 1.67 [23].…”

Chemical Compositions and Characteristics of Biocalcium from Asian Sea Bass (Lates calcarifer) Scales as Influenced by Pretreatment and Heating Processes

“…The mole ratios of calcium and phosphorus (Ca/P) were in the ranges of 1.17-1.23 and 1.24-1.25 in the BC powders prepared using the scales subjected to the boiling and highpressure heating (HP) processes, respectively. Typically, hydroxyapatite (HAP) has been reported as the major mineral phase in fish scales [28,29]. Pure hydroxyapatite generally contains 39.8% calcium and 18.5% phosphorus (by weight), resulting in a Ca/P mole ratio of 1.67 [30].…”