“…Owing to their excellent electronic conductivity, stability and electronic storage capacity, carbon materials have been developed as ideal photocatalysts, and the most common type of photocatalyst is the carbon-based material (Sun et al, 2022;Chen et al, 2023). At present, the existing carbon materials mainly include porous nanosheets (Liu et al, 2022b;Liu et al, 2022c), hollow nanotubes (Liu et al, 2022d;Zhang et al, 2022) and three-dimensional (3D) nanospheres (Huang et al, 2021;Serra-Pérez et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2022b), among which, hollow carbon nanospheres (HCs) is one of the ideal carrier materials, due to its fast electron transfer rate, rich active sites, high specific surface area, has been widely studied. So far, template-assisted methods have been used to synthesize microspheres and uniformly deposit other nanoparticles on the surface of HCS to change the semiconductor structure, improve electron conduction efficiency and achieve the goal of pollutant degradation.…”