Effective Richardson Constant of Sol-Gel Derived TiO<sub>2</sub>Films in n-TiO<sub>2</sub>/p-Si Heterojunctions

Rawat, Gopal; Kumar, Hemant; Kumar, Yogesh; Kumar, Chandan; Somvanshi, Divya; Jit, Satyabrata

doi:10.1109/led.2017.2687820

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…All of the devices showed Schottky nature having rectification ratio more than 150 at ±1 V. The diode parameters such as diode ideality factor (η), barrier height (ϕ B ), and series resistance ( R s ) of S1, S2, and S3 samples were calculated from the Cheung–Cheung method using the following formula The symbols V , η, q , K B , T , A , and A * in the above expressions represent the applied bias voltage, ideality factor, electronic charge, Boltzmann constant, absolute temperature in Kelvin, effective area of the device, and Richardson constant (∼1200 A cm –2 K –2 for TiO 2 ), respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The symbols V, η, q, K B , T, A, and A* in the above expressions represent the applied bias voltage, ideality factor, electronic charge, Boltzmann constant, absolute temperature in Kelvin, effective area of the device, and Richardson constant (∼1200 A cm −2 K −2 for TiO 2 ), 33 respectively. Figure 4c,d represents the dV/d(ln I) vs I and H(I) vs I plots of the S3 sample.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acid-Treated PEDOT:PSS Polymer and TiO₂ Nanorod Schottky Junction Ultraviolet Photodetectors with Ultrahigh External Quantum Efficiency, Detectivity, and Responsivity

Dhar

Chakraborty

Majumder

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Vertically aligned TiO2 nanorods (NRs) were synthesized on a fluorine-doped tin oxide-deposited glass substrate by the hydrothermal method. A Schottky junction ultraviolet photodetector was fabricated by spin-coating of the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) polymer on TiO2 NRs. For the improvement of device performance, the electrical conductivity of the polymer was increased by adding dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and concentrated H2SO4 acid. The diode parameters, i.e., work function, series resistance, and ideality factor, were studied for all devices. Photoresponse behavior of the TiO2 nanorod/PEDOT:PSS junction was studied upon illumination of white light of intensity 80 mW/cm2. Our acid-treated sample demonstrated the highest photocurrent value, which is 10 times larger than that of DMSO-treated and 39 times larger than that of the untreated sample. Our acid-treated device showed superior external quantum efficiency (∼12 560%), responsivity (∼34.43 A/W), and detectivity (∼1.6 × 1011 Hz1/2/W) at ∼340 nm wavelength under −1 V bias.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-Treated PEDOT:PSS Polymer and TiO₂ Nanorod Schottky Junction Ultraviolet Photodetectors with Ultrahigh External Quantum Efficiency, Detectivity, and Responsivity

Dhar

Chakraborty

Majumder

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…In-Ga alloy connects TiO 2 and electrode with an Ohmic contact, so the contact properties of TiO 2 with Au or ITO can be revealed by replacing one of the In-Ga alloy layers. In Au/TiO 2 /In-Ga structure, the Schottky contact of Au and TiO 2 can be corroborated by 31,32 . Whereas, for In-Ga/TiO 2 /ITO structure, the linear I-V plot in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…1 b. The Schottky barrier height calculated from I–V data by Cheung’s method is approximately 0.8 eV 31 , 32 . Whereas, for In-Ga/TiO 2 /ITO structure, the linear I – V plot in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Electrical tuning effect for Schottky barrier and hot-electron harvest in a plasmonic Au/TiO2 nanostructure

Sun

Fang

2021

Sci Rep

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Schottky barrier controls the transfer of hot carriers between contacted metal and semiconductor, and decides the performance of plasmonic metal–semiconductor devices in many applications. It is immensely valuable to actively tune the Schottky barrier. In this work, electrical tuning of Schottky barrier in an Au-nanodisk/TiO2-film structure was demonstrated using a simple three-electrode electrochemical cell. Photocurrents excited at different wavelength significantly increase as the applied bias voltage increases. Analyzing and fitting of experimental results indicate that the photocurrent is mainly affected by the bias tuning position of Schottky barrier maximum, which shifts to metal–semiconductor interface as applied voltage increases, and enhances the collection efficiency of the barrier for plasmonic hot electrons. The conduction band curvature of 0.13 eV was simultaneously obtained from the fitting. This work provides a new strategy for facile tuning of Schottky barrier and hot-electron transfer across the barrier.

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“…Further, in order to calculate the barrier height, fitting of the current curves was performed with

I = A * A T^{2} \exp (- \frac{e Φ_{sb}}{k T}) ([], \exp (\frac{e α V}{k T}) - 1)

equation, where A * is the effective Richardson constant for hot electron emission, which is about ≈1265.57 A cm –2 K 2 for the TiO 2 used in our experiment, A is the contact area between the probe and the TiO 2 sample, T is the Kelvin temperature, e is the elementary charge, and k is the Boltzmann constant. [ 29,30 ] Flexoelectric polarization is generated as a result of increasing the applied force, and this polarization modulates the effective barrier height. In fact, Φ sb improves by 17 mV as applied force increases, indicating that the charge transport mechanism across the heterostructure could indeed be modulated by applied force.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting Self‐Powered Ultraviolet Photoresponse of TiO₂‐Based Heterostructure by Flexo‐Phototronic Effects

Kumar

Park

Seo

2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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Ultraviolet photodetectors have long been used as key elements for various applications, including optical sensing and communication. However, accurate sensing of weak UV intensities under self‐powered conditions with stable photocurrent and rapid temporal response remains critical because of challenges related to having suitable band alignment and strong junction quality. Here, an enhancement in the self‐power ultraviolet (UV, λ = 365 nm) photoresponse of the silver nanowires/TiO2 Schottky photodetector is demonstrated by taking advantage of the flexoelectric phenomenon. The device does not show measurable photocurrent under self‐biased conditions with low‐intensity (200 µW cm–2) UV illumination, whereas a significant photocurrent of about 0.48 µA is measured by integrating the photovoltaic and flexo‐phototronic effects. Additionally, rise/fall times improved from 300/1068 to 43/165 µs by utilizing the flexo‐phototronic effects, depicting an enhancement of 597%. Further, remarkable responsivity of 124 mA W–1 and high detectivity of 6.5 × 1011 Jones under self‐biased conditions are recorded. Moreover, microscopic evidence of flexoelectric effect modulated photoresponse is provided by photoconductive atomic force microscopy measurements. High efficiency and self‐powered capability demonstrated in this study are likely to inspire the development of next‐generation ultrafast, energy‐efficient, and sophisticated photodetectors for communication, imaging, and sensing networks.

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Effective Richardson Constant of Sol-Gel Derived TiO₂Films in n-TiO₂/p-Si Heterojunctions

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

Acid-Treated PEDOT:PSS Polymer and TiO₂ Nanorod Schottky Junction Ultraviolet Photodetectors with Ultrahigh External Quantum Efficiency, Detectivity, and Responsivity

Acid-Treated PEDOT:PSS Polymer and TiO₂ Nanorod Schottky Junction Ultraviolet Photodetectors with Ultrahigh External Quantum Efficiency, Detectivity, and Responsivity

Electrical tuning effect for Schottky barrier and hot-electron harvest in a plasmonic Au/TiO2 nanostructure

Boosting Self‐Powered Ultraviolet Photoresponse of TiO₂‐Based Heterostructure by Flexo‐Phototronic Effects

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Effective Richardson Constant of Sol-Gel Derived TiO2Films in n-TiO2/p-Si Heterojunctions

Cited by 35 publications

References 19 publications

Acid-Treated PEDOT:PSS Polymer and TiO2 Nanorod Schottky Junction Ultraviolet Photodetectors with Ultrahigh External Quantum Efficiency, Detectivity, and Responsivity

Acid-Treated PEDOT:PSS Polymer and TiO2 Nanorod Schottky Junction Ultraviolet Photodetectors with Ultrahigh External Quantum Efficiency, Detectivity, and Responsivity

Electrical tuning effect for Schottky barrier and hot-electron harvest in a plasmonic Au/TiO2 nanostructure

Boosting Self‐Powered Ultraviolet Photoresponse of TiO2‐Based Heterostructure by Flexo‐Phototronic Effects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Effective Richardson Constant of Sol-Gel Derived TiO₂Films in n-TiO₂/p-Si Heterojunctions

Acid-Treated PEDOT:PSS Polymer and TiO₂ Nanorod Schottky Junction Ultraviolet Photodetectors with Ultrahigh External Quantum Efficiency, Detectivity, and Responsivity

Acid-Treated PEDOT:PSS Polymer and TiO₂ Nanorod Schottky Junction Ultraviolet Photodetectors with Ultrahigh External Quantum Efficiency, Detectivity, and Responsivity

Boosting Self‐Powered Ultraviolet Photoresponse of TiO₂‐Based Heterostructure by Flexo‐Phototronic Effects