2022
DOI: 10.35848/1347-4065/ac6b80
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Effective roughness on the sea surface for determining variability characteristics of reflected sound waves

Abstract: In sound wave propagation in the sea, it is important to evaluate the characteristics of sound reflection from the sea surface. The amplitude and phase of reflected sound waves fluctuate because of the changing sea surface with waves. In this study, using the finite difference time domain method and experiments in a water tank, we evaluated the variability characteristics of reflected sound waves on the sea surface generated by the Bretschneider-Mitsuyasu spectrum observed on the deep offshore coast of Japan. … Show more

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Cited by 5 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…Low frequency ultrasound is generally used in ocean acoustics, to cope with the attenuation that occurs in the water. [14][15][16][17][18] The focus has generally been on the echoes obtained from the swim bladders of fish, because 90% of the echoes from fish when using low frequency ultrasound come from the swim bladder. 19) Megahertz-band ultrasound has been used for high-resolution measurements in other areas of research, such as nondestructive evaluation [20][21][22] and biomedical ultrasound applications.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Low frequency ultrasound is generally used in ocean acoustics, to cope with the attenuation that occurs in the water. [14][15][16][17][18] The focus has generally been on the echoes obtained from the swim bladders of fish, because 90% of the echoes from fish when using low frequency ultrasound come from the swim bladder. 19) Megahertz-band ultrasound has been used for high-resolution measurements in other areas of research, such as nondestructive evaluation [20][21][22] and biomedical ultrasound applications.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the theoretical study of underwater acoustic cladding, numerous methods to calculate its acoustic performance are available, each demonstrating its own characteristics and applicable acoustic structure types. These methods mainly include the transfer matrix method (TMM) (Chahr-Eddine and Yassine, 2014; Lee et al, 2021b), multiple scattering method (MSM) (Li et al, 2006), plane-wave expansion (PWE) (Ponge et al, 2017), finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) (Grinenko et al, 2012;Tsukui et al, 2022), concentrated mass method (CMM) (Bambill et al, 2004), finite element method (FEM) (Hammad et al, 2021;Jiang et al, 2023), and Jacobi -Ritz method (Li et al, 2019b;Pang et al, 2023). The advantages and weaknesses of various typical calculation methods for readers to consider are summarized in Table 1.…”
Section: Calculation and Testing Methods For Underwater Acousticsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We have developed a method for analyzing moving sound sources and receivers using the finite difference-time domain (FDTD) method. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] We have previously implemented moving sound sources and receivers with omni-directional directivity in the two-dimensional (2D) 17,18) and threedimensional FDTD methods. 19) Furthermore, we have implemented movings sound sources and receiver with simple directivity, such as dipole and cardioid, in two-dimensions 20) and three-dimensions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%