Effective synthesis of cyclic carbonates from carbon dioxide and epoxides by phosphonium iodides as catalysts in alcoholic solvents

The Role of Water Revisited and Enhanced: A Sustainable Catalytic System for the Conversion of CO2 into Cyclic Carbonates under Mild Conditions

“…[5] Many highly active and selective metal-based catalysts containing Lewis acid sites have been reported, such as metal complexes [10] and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). [1,12] Several metal-free organic catalysts have also been investigated, such as ammonium halides, [1,[13][14][15] phosphonium halides, [3,16] and imidazolium-basedi onic liquids, [17][18][19] in which the halidesa re the catalytic speciesa cting as nucleophiles. [1,12] Several metal-free organic catalysts have also been investigated, such as ammonium halides, [1,[13][14][15] phosphonium halides, [3,16] and imidazolium-basedi onic liquids, [17][18][19] in which the halidesa re the catalytic speciesa cting as nucleophiles.…”

Atom economical synthesis of di- and trithiocarbonates by the lithium tert-butoxide catalyzed addition of carbon disulfide to epoxides and thiiranes

“…[1][2][3][4] A frequently studied reaction is the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides. [11][12][13] Frequently employed catalytic systems are based on Lewis acidic metal complexes, [14][15][16] alkali metal halides 17,18 as well as imidazolium, 19-21 phosphonium [22][23][24][25][26] or ammonium salts. the synthesis from diols and phosgene.…”

Organocatalytic synthesis of bio-based cyclic carbonates from CO2 and vegetable oils

“…However, addition of an excess of HBD 15 (1.5 equivalent) compared to TBABr, had a detrimental effect on the kinetic as evidenced by a decrease of the rate constant compared to experiment conducted using an equimolar amount. This observation was related to the acidity of the proton of perfluoro-tert-butanol that decreased the nucleophilicity of the halide anion by strong solvation [22] .…”