The Women Infants and Children (WIC) program is a promising venue in which to implement weight loss interventions for low-income postpartum women. The goals of this study were to describe formative steps to translate the DPP lifestyle intervention to be delivered to diverse low-income postpartum women who are served by the WIC program, and to present the results of a pilot trial of the intervention. The steps of intervention translation involved were the following: (1) building partnerships, (2) understanding the target setting, (3) understanding the target population, (4) re-designing the intervention, and (5) refining the intervention. The pilot trial was a single group pre/post test comparison among 27 overweight/obese postpartum WIC clients. The intervention resulted in an average weight loss of 4.6lb at a 4-month follow-up (p=0.004). A dose-response association between intervention attendance and weight loss was observed. This translation of the DPP for diverse low-income postpartum women has potential for widespread implementation.
KEYWORDS
Weight loss, Health disparities, Intervention, Translational researchThe postpartum period is a critical time for targeting weight loss, as on average, women retain approximately 3 kg per pregnancy over the life course [1]. Low SES and minority women are at greatest risk of postpartum weight retention, and these populations also experience significant weight gain after the first few postpartum weeks [2]. The Women Infants and Children (WIC) program is a promising setting in which to implement evidence-based weight loss interventions for low SES women. WIC is a federaland state-funded program with a mission to promote health of low-income women, infants, and children up to age 5 who are at nutritional risk. WIC serves approximately 18 million individuals a year via 9,000 clinics across the country. The program does not systematically provide weight loss services per se, but addressing weight loss among its participants is within the mission of WIC.Only a few interventions have aimed to promote postpartum weight loss among WIC clients and have had minimal or no success [2][3][4]. These interventions have not used or translated existing evidence-based programs or strategies [5,6] (i.e., limited focus on creating an energy deficit; nonsystematic use of self-monitoring, goal-setting and problem-solving, and limited hands-on opportunities and support to develop healthy cooking skills and physical activity behaviors). In addition, studies reported poor attendance and high attrition rates.Despite the promise of efficacious weight loss interventions such as the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) Lifestyle Intervention [5,7], to date only a few studies have demonstrated a positive effect of using the DPP intervention in real world settings and populations [8]. There are sizeable barriers to widespread implementation and dissemination of efficacious weight loss interventions like the DPP to real world settings and populations, such as WIC clinics and the low SES postpartum ...