“…The objective in treating a BPF with vascularized tissue is to obliterate the postpneumonectomy pleural space [25,71,75,77]. Deciding which muscle flap to use depends on which muscle was preserved or damaged from the previous thoracotomy and the amount of space to be filled [71,75,77]. The most common muscles used in the pleural space to treat a BPF are serratus anterior, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, latissimus dorsi, and intercostal muscles [25,71,75,77,78].…”