Effective treatment of greywater via green wall biofiltration and electrochemical disinfection

Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Total Suspended Solid with Simple Integrated Treatment as an Alternative to Meet the Household Needs for Clean Water

“…Habitat built up through the filtration media will make decomposing bacteria grow and develop which is characterized by the appearance of a mucus-like layer or commonly known as a biofilm. Biofilm formed on walls planted with plants or filtration media can reduce turbidity, color, COD, total organic carbon, BOD, and E. coli concentration, and total coliforms [16].…”

Nature-based solutions coupled with advanced technologies: An opportunity for decentralized water reuse in cities

“…iii) Enabling water reclamation or reuse, normally not achieved by green technologies alone. For example, grey technologies can help polish the effluent of green technologies by efficiently removing pathogens ( Álvarez et al, 2017;Talekar et al, 2018;Colares et al, 2019;Bakheet et al, 2020;Gomes et al, 2020). Some examples include systems designed to meet water reuse standards and even potable water needs in remote areas (Lakho et al, 2020a) or in seasonal events (Lakho et al, 2020b).…”

“…On top of that, limited data were reported on the contribution made by each treatment stage. Usually, the data reported concerned either the performance of CGGT as a whole (Robles et al, 2020) or the performance of the grey technology alone (Talekar et al, 2018;Bakheet et al, 2020;Talekar and Mutnuri, 2020). Very little information was provided concerning the contribution of green technologies to overall CGGT energy demand, which may be related to the fact that these technologies are recognized as passive energy tech (consuming very little or no energy at all).…”

“…Our results indicate that the selection of parameters was mostly based on the target contaminants to be addressed by each treatment stage or according to research objectives or priorities. For example, Bakheet et al (2020) evaluated the performance of GW coupled with EC at removing 13 different parameters (including organoleptic, organic matter, biological, nutrients and heavy metals). The authors reported data concerning the performance of the 1st stage (GW) for all parameters.…”

“…Nevertheless, the implementation of CGGT in decentralized schemes to foster reuse or safe discharge onsite has also begun to garner more attention in recent years. According to Bakheet et al (2020), their research (from 2020) on GW coupled with electrochemical treatment is the first study to explore such a combination offering a reliable and an environmentally-friendly method for greywater reuse onsite. Other examples include horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSSF) and ozonation for the removal of trace pharmaceuticals in domestic wastewaters (Lancheros et al, 2019), and mobile vertical flow CW coupled with MB for treating black and greywater for potable reuse (Lakho et al, 2020b).…”