Abstract. Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) or Bellini duct carcinoma of the kidney is a rare, but highly aggressive renal epithelial malignancy, with an extremely poor prognosis. Modified cytokine-induced killer (mCIK) cells were injected into the pleural cavity to treat pleural metastasis of CDC. The patient, a 33-year-old male, was admitted to hospital for further treatment for severe pleural metastasis of CDC. We cured the pleural metastasis through intrapleural infusion with mCIK cells. After receiving this innovative treatment, the patient exhibited a positive response: the cough, dyspnea, chest distress and thoracalgia were evidently relieved, while the pleural fluid became clear after exhibiting haematodes and its level decreased significantly. The patient achieved partial success. This novel immunotherapy method is a promising treatment for patients with refractory pleural metastasis.
IntroductionCollecting duct carcinoma (CDC) or Bellini duct carcinoma, which accounts for 1-3% of all renal neoplasms (1), is a rare variant of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) originating in the collecting duct epithelium and occurring more frequently in relatively young adults (2). Patients with CDC often require a more aggressive clinical course, have a poor long-term survival rate and, currently no standard treatment regimens exist (3). CDC and clear cell RCC typically present with a renal mass, macroscopic hematuria and associated flank pain. However, the majority of patients with CDC show evidence of metastatic disease at the time of presentation (3). Pleural metastasis of CDC is resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, while immunotherapy, especially adoptive immune cell treatment, becomes a promising treatment for pleural metastasis. The present study evaluated a patient with pleural metastasis of CDC who achieved partial success following intrapleural infusion with modified cytokine-induced killer (mCIK) cells.
Case reportA 33-year-old male with no significant past medical history was referred for urology review after a mass was found during a regular examination. A left radical nephrectomy was performed in December 2006 in the First Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical College, China. The pathology revealed CDC (Fig. 1) in the left kidney with no lymph node metastasis. After 1 year, the patient suffered from constant coughing, dyspnea, chest distress and thoracalgia. A chest X-Ray revealed a left pleural effusion. The pleural effusion recurred 1 month after B-ultrasound-guided therapeutic thoracentesis. For further treatment, the patient was referred to our institution on May 5th, 2008.A physical examination revealed a dull sound on percussion and the breath sounds disappeared below the sixth left rib. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen and pelvis revealed no local recurrence and no lymph node metastasis, although severe pleural metastasis was noted. The examination results revealed that the left pleural had thickened, the pleural effusion was partly encapsulated and there was left pulmonary atelect...