Effective Utilization of Pineapple Waste

Abstract

India is the largest fruit and vegetable producer. Until fruit is eaten, fruit peel stays waste. Phenolic acids, ascorbic acid, β-carotenes, and flavonoids are the most bioactive components of pineapples. This is one of the secondary plant metabolites abundantly present in pineapple skins in this sample, ferulic acid. Ferulic acid is a low-toxic phenolic acid widely used in diet and cosmetics. Ferulic acid is extracted using different conventional and non-conventional methods such as Soxhlet extraction, Supercritical fluid extraction and Solvent extraction and the amount of ferulic acid is quantified using High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The study also evaluated the presence of total phenolic content (Gallic acid equivalent/GAE)and antioxidant activity. Soxhlet extraction using methanol and petroleum ether was the best solvent, methanol showed maximum ferulic acid concentration (0.7696 g/100g), phenolic content (2.365 mg g/GAE), antioxidant activity (45%) and percentage yield (90.5% mg). This study also analysed micronutrients such as vitamins (A, B, B1, B2, B6, B12 and C), calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, zinc and dietary fibre in the pineapple peel

A Review on the Potential Bioactive Components in Fruits and Vegetable Wastes as Value-Added Products in the Food Industry

“…At 20 MPa, SFE extract had the highest total polyphenol concentration (11,561.84 µg/g), with ellagic acid (7492.53 µg/g) being the most abundant. Madhumeena et al [ 67 ] investigated the SPE method for the extraction of bioactive components from pineapple waste. The ferulic acid was then quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).…”

Fruit waste: a current perspective for the sustainable production of pharmacological, nutraceutical, and bioactive resources

“…This naturally occurring ferulic acid can be extracted using conventional and non-conventional methods. The Soxhlet extraction using methanol and petroleum ether as solvents showed the best results for the extraction of ferulic acid from the pineapple peel powder with a percentage yield of 90.5% mg ( Madhumeena et al, 2021 ). The percent yield of pineapple peel extracts through solvent extraction is 82% mg compared to the product through SFE (79% mg) ( Madhumeena et al, 2021 ).…”

Material Flow Analysis and Resource Recovery Potential Analysis of Selected Fruit, Vegetable and Nut Waste in Kenya

“…Other wastes sources given in Table 1 can also be used to produce/or supplement production of the studied bioresources. For example, flavonoid is a common compound that can be found in array of waste streams, such as mangoes [61], guavas [62], tomato [63], pineapple [64], beans and brassicas [63] wastes etc., starch can also be obtained from cassava [65], avocado, mango, pineapple [66] wastes streams, cellulose can be generated as well, from Macadamia shell [67], groundnut shell [68], cashew nut shell [69], cassava, and pineapple [70] etc., while pineapple, mango, avocado seed, orange peel, papaya, water melon wastes among others can supplement production of biomethane [63]. Thus, besides the studied case studies, other waste streams can be exploited to supplement the biorefinery routes proposed in this paper.…”