Effective water splitting using N-doped TiO2 films: Role of preferred orientation on hydrogen production

The Reactivity of Anatase TiO2 (211) Surface and the Bond- Charge Counting Model

“…Figure 1 shows the XRD patterns of N-doped Figure 1, the intensities of the (004), (112), (200), and especially (211) peaks become stronger, while (101) peak become weaker for the N-doped TiO 2 film, compared with those of the undoped TiO 2 film. Especially, the increase of exposed (211) facets can effectively improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 for water dissociation reactions [46], showing the high reactivity of exposed (211) facets. [48][49][50] with all-electron projector augmented wave (PAW) method [51].…”

“…Due to a recent experiment, a large percentage of exposed (211) facet has been prepared and it is found that the (211) surface can effectively improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 for water dissociation reactions [45,46]. Since the surface exposes both Ti 4 and Ti 5 atoms, the anatase (211) surface is studied in this work as an ideal model surface to illustrate the mechanism of water dissociation on TiO 2 surface [47].…”

Enhanced hydrogen evolution from water splitting using Fe-Ni codoped and Ag deposited anatase TiO2 synthesized by solvothermal method

“…R. Dholam et al reported that Fe doped TiO 2 thin films prepared by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering displayed a higher rate of H 2 evolution than that of Cr doping, reaching up to 15.5 mol h −1 [13]. N doped TiO 2 films showed the higher rate of H 2 evolution for 4500 mol h −1 m −2 , obviously better than that of undoped sample (760 mol h −1 m −2 ) [15]. In our previous work, we have prepared Fe-Ni co-doped anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles, which displayed good photocatalytic performance with the rate of H 2 evolution being up to 361.64 mol h −1 g cat −1 under the visible light irradiation ( > 400 nm) [16].…”

“…Nowadays, many strategies have been developed to address the above problems for TiO 2 in the field of photocatalysis, such as heteroatoms doping [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], coupled with other semiconductors [21][22][23][24][25][26][27], dye-sensitization [28][29][30], and precious metal deposition [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Previous studies have shown that heteroatoms doping has proved to be an effective way to generate the impurity levels in the wide band of TiO 2 , which can effectively make the TiO 2 active in the visible region and restrain the recombination rate of photoinduced electrons and holes [1,39].…”

Photocatalytic Properties of Doped TiO2 Coatings Deposited Using Reactive Magnetron Sputtering

“…Applications of TiO 2 as a photocatalyst range from direct water splitting to create hydrogen [7][8][9] to water purification and remediation [10] and self-cleaning, as well as in anti-microbial surfaces for glass [11,12], textiles [13], the food industry [14,15] and medical devices [16]. Whilst in some applications, the surface of interest is placed outdoors and can be illuminated and activated by the UV radiation from sunlight, surface activation by visible light is preferred both for indoor applications and in order to maximise the effectiveness of sunlight (UV only accounts for 4% of the sunlight spectrum).…”