Effectiveness and Adverse Events of Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Prednisolone Chemotherapy in Feline Mediastinal Lymphoma Naturally Infected with Feline Leukemia Virus

Sunpongsri, Supita; Kovitvadhi, Attawit; Rattanasrisomporn, Jatuporn; Trisaksri, Viphavee; Jensirisak, Nichakorn; Jaroensong, Tassanee

doi:10.3390/ani12070900

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Regarding laboratory parameters, all cats positive for retroviruses showed some hematologic abnormalities, such as anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutrophilia, and lymphopenia. This finding is consistent with the low blood cell counts reported in other studies [30][31][32][33][34], which may result from direct cytopathic effects on the bone marrow or caused by mechanisms involved in chronic inflammation [31,34,35]. In blood serum tests, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were statistically significantly different in control cats compared with FeLV-and FIV-infected cats.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Risk factors and clinical and laboratory findings associated with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in Bangkok, Thailand

et al. 2022

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Background and Aim: Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are retroviruses associated with chronic and neoplastic diseases in domestic and non-domestic cats. There has been increasing interest in the clinical importance of feline retroviruses in Thailand and the identification of associated risk factors in domestic cats. To prevent the spread of retroviral diseases and improve the management of retrovirus-infected cats, risk factors and associated clinical laboratory data must be clearly understood. This study aimed to identify the influence of household, lifestyle, health status, sterilization, clinical presentations, and laboratory findings on FIV- and FeLV-infected cats in Bangkok, Thailand. Materials and Methods: A total of 480 cats were evaluated for FeLV p27 antigen and FIV antibodies using Witness FeLV-FIV Rapid Test and SNAP FIV/FeLV Combo Test at a veterinary hospital service. Results: Of the 480 cats tested, 113 were positivefor virus infection, including 60 for FeLV (12.5%), 40 for FIV (8.3%), and 13 for both FeLV and FIV (2.7%). The findings revealed that the risk factors for cats infected with FeLV, FIV, or both FeLV and FIV were significantly different compared with those for non-infected cats (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that multi-cat ownership is a risk factor for the high prevalence of feline retrovirus infection, as multi-cat households exhibited a higher prevalence of infection than single-cat households. Anemic and sick cats were also at a greater risk of testing positive for specific retrovirus infections. FeLV-infected cats had a higher risk of anemia and low erythrocyte and thrombocyte counts (p ≤ 0.0001), whereas FIV-infected cats were more likely to have anemia and leukocytopenia than controls. Conclusion: Knowledge of the risk factors for retroviral diseases and associated clinical and laboratory findings can be used to develop strategies to reduce FIV and FeLV infections in cats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Risk factors and clinical and laboratory findings associated with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in Bangkok, Thailand

et al. 2022

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“…The median survival time for all cases (274 days) is comparable to or even better than some of the older studies [ 31 , 37 , 50 ] as well as compared to the results from studies reported in the past in the Netherlands. The median DFP for cases that went into CR in the present study (763 days) was much better than in the two periods before.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…It is important to mention that survival time depends on multiple risk factors. For example, the MST in the study of Fabrizio et al (2014) was 484 days [ 6 ], which seems to be higher compared to others [ 31 , 37 , 50 ]. However, this study only included mediastinal lymphoma, which, as mentioned earlier, has a better response to therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Feline Lymphoma: Patient Characteristics and Response Outcome of the COP-Protocol in Cats with Malignant Lymphoma in The Netherlands

Versteegh,

Zandvliet,

Feenstra

et al. 2023

Animals

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Feline lymphoma is currently less commonly associated with retrovirus infections as the feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). This is thought to have caused a shift in the distribution of anatomical subtypes and eventually have led to poorer treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this change was also notable in the Netherlands, a country historically known for its low prevalence of FeLV and FIV, and to determine its consequences on treatment response. A 10-year cohort of 174 cats with large cell lymphoma (110 treated) were included and compared to historical data from previously published reports in the Netherlands. Of the 90 cats screened, only one tested positive for FeLV and three for FIV. The most current cohort had an increased age (median 8.7 years) and fever Siamese cats (6.3%) compared to previous reports, with alimentary (24.5%) and nasopharyngeal lymphoma (22.7%) being the most common subtypes. Sixty-six of the one hundred and ten cats (60%) went into complete remission, (CR) resulting in a median disease-free period (DFP) of 763 days, with nasopharyngeal and mediastinal having the longest DFP. The median overall survival time was 274 days with an estimated 1-year survival of 41.3% and a 2-year survival of 34.6%, respectively. Patient characteristics of cats with malignant lymphoma in the Netherlands have changed over the years, but this cannot be explained by differences in FeLV/FIV prevalence. Although the overall response rate to therapy did not change over time, for some lymphoma subtypes, longer DFPs were observed compared to 30 years ago.

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“…AEs with cytotoxic chemotherapy are reported in 47–65% of cases; commonly gastrointestinal or haematological in origin, although rarely grade 4 or 5. 7 , 37 , 38 AEs can also be present in cats treated with corticosteroids, although most are mild in severity. 36 The frequency of AEs observed in the present study (17%) was low compared with cytotoxic treatment; however, the AEs seen were markedly higher in grade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pegylated-l-asparaginase therapy for feline large cell lymphoma: 82 cases (2017–2020)

Bik,

Ruijter,

Van den Bossche

et al. 2023

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery

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Objectives The present study aimed to investigate pegylated-l-asparaginase monotherapy for feline large cell lymphoma as a potential alternative to palliative corticosteroids treatment in animals whose owners declined cytotoxic chemotherapy. Methods A retrospective, descriptive case series of cats treated initially with pegylated-l-asparaginase as a sole therapy for feline large cell lymphoma is reported. The treatment protocol consisted of 12 intramuscular injections of pegylated-l-asparaginase with increasing intervals. If cats were unresponsive to pegylated-l-asparaginase monotherapy, a second-line treatment was initiated. Signalment, origin of lymphoma, staging, treatment, possible adverse events and follow-up data were extracted from the medical records. Responses and survival data were analysed. Results Eighty-two cats with lymphoma of five different anatomic types were included: alimentary, abdominal extra-alimentary, peripheral nodal, nasal/nasopharyngeal and other (mediastinal, renal [solitary] and miscellaneous combined in one group for analytical purposes). The response rate was 74.1% (95% confidence interval = 63.4–83.5) with 38.3% (95% confidence interval = 27.8–48.8) in complete remission. The median disease-free period and calculated overall survival time were 70 days (12–1702+) and 79 days (1–1715+), respectively. The response rate was significantly correlated with the origin of the lymphoma and the combined group had a significantly lower response rate ( P = 0.035). Twenty-four cats were also treated with corticosteroids. There was no significant difference in outcomes between the group treated with or without corticosteroids. Adverse events were present in a small number of cats (14/82). The majority of these adverse events were mild to moderate in 5/14 cats; however, the adverse events were severe enough to cause discontinuation of therapy. Conclusions and relevance Based on the response rate and median disease-free period, treatment with pegylated-l-asparaginase is inferior when compared with historical chemotherapy protocols. However, some cats demonstrated an exceptional long disease-free period. Therefore, pegylated-l-asparaginase could be offered as an alternative to corticosteroid therapy alone. Further studies are needed to evaluate the additional benefit over palliative corticosteroid monotherapy.

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Effectiveness and Adverse Events of Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Prednisolone Chemotherapy in Feline Mediastinal Lymphoma Naturally Infected with Feline Leukemia Virus

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Risk factors and clinical and laboratory findings associated with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in Bangkok, Thailand

Risk factors and clinical and laboratory findings associated with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in Bangkok, Thailand

Feline Lymphoma: Patient Characteristics and Response Outcome of the COP-Protocol in Cats with Malignant Lymphoma in The Netherlands

Pegylated-l-asparaginase therapy for feline large cell lymphoma: 82 cases (2017–2020)

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