Effectiveness and immunomodulation of chemotherapeutants against scuticociliate Philasterides dicentrarchi in olive flounder

Protective effect of herbal and probiotics enriched diet on haematological and immunity status of Oplegnathus fasciatus (Temminck & Schlegel) against Edwardsiella tarda

“…In fish disease management application of antibiotics and chemicals are partially effective tools despite the accumulation of these substances in the environment and the emergence of drugresistant strains [8]; its residues in fish leads to consumer's reluctance [9]. As in many pathogens, antibiotic-resistance has been reported world-wide in the case of E. tarda also [10,11].…”

Influence of diet enriched with green tea on innate humoral and cellular immune response of kelp grouper (Epinephelus bruneus) to Vibrio carchariae infection

“…However, such combat of fish diseases has the risk of generating resistant pathogens, bioaccumulation, and environmental pollution [9]. On the other hand, commercial vaccines are expensive besides being specific against particular pathogens [10].…”

Differences in the in vitro susceptibility to resveratrol and other chemical compounds among several Philasterides dicentrarchi isolates from turbot

“…Another possible way of combating this parasite is to use chemical compounds to control the free-living forms of the ciliate, thus reducing the infective pressure on the fish. Compounds such as formalin or hydrogen peroxide, which are commonly used to treat ectoparasitic infections, are effective in killing free forms of scuticociliates (Iglesias et al 2002;Harikrishnan et al 2010). However, those compounds are not environmentally friendly and can adversely affect aquatic organisms.…”