Effectiveness and profitability of insecticide formulations used for managing snap bean pests

Abstract

Snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) farmers rely mostly on insecticides to manage pests and to satisfy the stringent market requirements for insect and blemish-free pods. However, the cost of these pesticides lowers farm incomes. In addition, heavy and wrong use of pesticides could result in residue accumulation, which reduces market access by the farmers. To identify optimal pest control with lower economic risks to farmers, we investigated the effectiveness and profitability of different insecticides and insecticide formulations against bean fly (Ophiomyia spp.) and bean flower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedtii). Two separate experiments were conducted during 2009 to 2012. The first experiment targeted bean fly and bean flower thrips, comprising the treatments: seed dressings, soil drenches, foliar sprays and an untreated control. We used randomised complete block design, with four replicates. All the seed dressing and soil drenching insecticides, except Apron, significantly lowered bean fly infestation by two to 60 fold when compared with control. These insecticides, however, did not control flower thrips. Confidor® resulted in a marginal returns of 0.89 and Actara® -0.11 compared to seed dressings, which ranged from 0.47 to 1.82. The second experiment laid in a randomised complete block design involved the foliar application of Roket® under different spray regimes. Application of Roket® reduced infestation of thrips, and resulted in positive MRR in all the seasons.

Treatments of common bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with insecticides for managing bean stem maggot [Ophiomyia spp. (Tryon) (Diptera: Agromyzidae)] in SNNPR, Ethiopia

“…Analysis of variance also exhibited a considerable treatment variation for PH, SC, NPP, HSW, and GY in both the 2018 and 2020 cropping years. Various previous studies also confirmed the existence of seed treatments among the evaluated insecticide seed treatments in reducing BSM pressure and enhancing growth and yield-related parameters (Seif et al, 2001;Koch et al, 2005;Otim et al, 2016;James et al, 2018;Labrie et al, 2020). In both the 2018 and 2020 cropping years, the best performing insecticide seed treatments were Diazinon, Thiram + Carbofuran, and Endosulfan, and showed consistent results on PH, SC, NPP, HSW, and GY.…”

“…The results of the current study have shown that the use of insecticides as seed treatment can effectively reduce SM, MPM, which showed the applied insecticide seed treatments were effective against soil-dwelling insect pests by reducing bean plant mortality and damage worldwide (Koch et al, 2005;Nault et al, 2006;Rahaman and Prodhan, 2007;Otim et al, 2016;James et al, 2018;Labrie et al, 2020). Endosulfan seed treatment insecticide was moderately effective against BSM control (SM, MPM, PSI i , PSI f , TNL, and TNP), whereas the effects of Lambda-cyhalothrin, Profenofos, and Dimethoate were less effective and showed inconsistent results (except for Dimethoate) for these parameters in the three cropping years.…”

“…Related findings regarding the effect of insecticide seed treatments on BSM intensity and yield loss indicated that the bestperforming insecticides among various treatments showed the lowest BSM intensity and yield loss on bean crops in the major growth of the world (Srivastava et al, 1990;Koch et al, 2005;Mishek, 2011;Otim et al, 2016;James et al, 2018;Labrie et al, 2020). These authors also reported that the highest yield losses in bean crops had been recorded from the plots left as untreated control.…”

Phytosanitary and Technical Quality Challenges in Export Fresh Vegetables and Strategies to Compliance with Market Requirements: Case of Smallholder Snap Beans in Kenya

“…Smallholder farmers most often are not fully conversant with EU requirements. Rejection of snap beans at the export market due to the presence of pests and pest damage on the pods are aspects of phytosanitary, while the presence of pesticide residues above the set MRLs is a technical requirement [61][62][63].…”

Response of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to seed treatment in Central Kenya

“…The conventional chemical control methods by soil and foliar applications have several challenges including cost, selectivity, the emergence of pest resistance, pest resurgence, health hazards, and environmental pollution (Rahman et al, 2008). With the reduction in the amount of chemicals used, effective seed priming technologies can be cost-effective and ecologically sustainable especially to the resource-poor farmers (Otim et al, 2016;Nderitu et al, 2008).…”