Effectiveness and real-world materials compatibility of a novel hydrogen peroxide disinfectant cleaner

Cadnum, Jennifer L.; Pearlmutter, Basya; Haq, Muhammed F.; Jencson, Annette; Donskey, Curtis J.

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2021.08.008

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Sensitivity to NaOCl has previously been reported for planktonic cultures of C. auris clinical isolates using a variety of methods (11, 14, 15, 18–20). Intrinsic sensitivity to the chemical activity of NaOCl was confirmed in planktonic cells of six C. auris isolates of different phenotypes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…In this study we have demonstrated that clinical isolates of C. auris are intrinsically sensitive to killing by NaOCl, using two models of suspension testing. Disinfection efficacy studies against planktonic cells typically demonstrate that C. auris isolates are sensitive to the chemical activity of chlorine-based agents at concentrations ranging between 100-6500 ppm, depending on contact time (13–15, 18–20). Contact times between 1-5 min achieve total eradication of viable cells using 100-1000 ppm chlorine-based agents (14, 15, 18), consistent with our findings of ≥6-log 10 reductions with 500-1000 ppm NaOCl for the same time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dry surface biofilm formation byCandida aurisfacilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite

Ware,

Johnston,

Delaney

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Candida aurisis an enigmatic fungal pathogen, recently elevated to the critical priority group of pathogens by the World Health Organization. Of key concern is its ability to cause outbreaks within intensive and chronic care units, facilitated through its environmental persistence. We investigated the susceptibility of phenotypically distinctC. aurisisolates to sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) disinfection, and the subsequent role of biofilms in surviving disinfection using a dry-surface biofilm (DSB) model and transcriptomic profiling. Planktonic cells were tested for susceptibility to NaOCl in suspension, with biofilm formation using the DSB model consisting of consecutive 48 hr cycles with/without media across a 12-day period, assessed using viable counts, biomass assays, and microscopy. Disinfection efficacy was assessed using clinically relevant protocols of 500-1000ppm for 1-5min. RNA-sequencing was performed on untreated DSBs in comparison to planktonic cells. Isolates were found to be sensitive to NaOCl planktonically at concentrations ≤62.5 ppm, and grew robust biofilms using the DSB protocol. Biofilms developed tolerance to all NaOCl treatment parameters, with only 2-4 log10-reductions in viable cells observed at highest concentrations. Transcriptomics identified ABC transporters and iron acquisition pathways as strongly upregulated in DSBs relative to planktonic cells. Our novel findings have optimised a DSB protocol in whichC. aurisbiofilms can mediate tolerance to adverse conditions such as NaOCl disinfection, suggesting a lifestyle through which this problematic yeast can environmentally persist and transmit. Mechanistically it has been shown for the first time that upregulation of small-molecule and iron transport pathways are potential facilitators of environmental survival.IMPORTANCECandida aurisis a pathogenic yeast that has been responsible for outbreaks in healthcare facilities across the globe, predominantly affecting vulnerable patients. This organism displays a concerning ability to persist within the healthcare environment that is likely facilitated by attaching onto surfaces and developing protective microbial communities knows as biofilms. These communities allow cells to survive and tolerate disinfection with bleach. In this study, we show thatC. aurisforms robust biofilms on surfaces which promote survival up to 12 days, even with prolonged drying periods. We also demonstrate that development of these biofilms over time significantly reduces the efficacy of hypochlorite disinfection. By investigating the molecular mechanisms of biofilms, we have shown that these biofilms express efflux pumps, which may actively remove hypochlorite molecules from cells, allowing them to tolerate disinfection, and that uptake of iron from the external environment is also important for survival of these communities.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dry surface biofilm formation byCandida aurisfacilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite

Ware,

Johnston,

Delaney

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…HP-based products, such as liquid wipes, vapours and dry aerosols, offer reliable micro-biocidal activity against pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MRSA, viruses, spore formers, VRE and multi-resistant Gramnegative bacilli [44][45][46][47][48]. HP is an oxidizing agent and it is suggested that it inactivates bacteria through the denaturation of DNA, proteins and membrane lipids [49].…”

Section: Hydrogen Peroxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Technologies to decontaminate bacterial biofilm on hospital surfaces: a potential new role for cold plasma?

Fallon

Kennedy

Daniels

et al. 2022

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a major challenge and the near patient surface is important in harbouring causes such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridioides difficile . Current approaches to decontamination are sub-optimal and many studies have demonstrated that microbial causes of HCAIs may persist with onward transmission. This may be due to the capacity of these microbes to survive in biofilms on surfaces. New technologies to enhance hospital decontamination may have a role in addressing this challenge. We have reviewed current technologies such as UV light and hydrogen peroxide and also assessed the potential use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) in surface decontamination. The antimicrobial mechanisms of CAPP are not fully understood but the production of reactive oxygen and other species is believed to be important. CAPP systems have been shown to partially or completely remove a variety of biofilms including those caused by Candida albicans, and multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as MRSA. There are some studies that suggest promise for CAPP in the challenge of surface decontamination in the healthcare setting. However, further work is required to define better the mechanism of action. We need to know what surfaces are most amenable to treatment, how microbial components and the maturity of biofilms may affect successful treatment, and how would CAPP be used in the clinical setting.

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“…Currently, there are no ideal disinfectants, which encourages researchers to search for new compounds and study various combinations of known chemical compounds as disinfectants (Matsuzaki et al, 2021;Cadnum et al, 2021;Edmiston et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and Virucidal Activity of Chlorine Dioxide Disinfectant

CHECHET¹,

KOVALENKO²,

HAIDEI³

et al. 2022

Scientific Horizons

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The implementation of intensive technologies to produce livestock products requires the use of disinfectants at all stages. Analysis of the effectiveness of disinfectants begins with testing at the stage of creating or selecting substances, since different disinfectants have different activity against microorganisms, are toxic, immunosuppressive, and cause long-term effects on animals. This necessitates further development and research of preparations with optimal toxicity and virucidal action. The purpose of this study was to investigate the toxicity and virucidal effect of the new Diolide disinfectant, specifically on such samples as Aujeszky's disease virus, swine enzootic encephalomyelitis virus (Teschen disease) and rabies virus. The study was conducted according to national and international guidelines for the characterisation of virucidal properties of new disinfectants. The toxicity of Diolide disinfectant was investigated under protein load conditions in SPEV and BHK-21/C13 cell cultures. The virucidal activity of the Diolide disinfectant was determined under protein load conditions on models of shell viruses of Aujeszky's disease (Arsky strain) and rabies virus (CVS-11 strain) and using shell-free virus of enzootic encephalomyelitis of swine (Perechinsky-642 strain). The toxicity of Diolide disinfectant was determined for 0.16% (400 mg/l), 0.1% (250 mg/l), 0.06% (150 mg/l), 0.02% (50 mg/l), 0.008% (20 mg/l) and 0.004% (10 mg/l) concentrations of chlorine dioxide with an exposure time of 30 and 60 minutes. The virucidal effect of the preparation was determined for 0.1% (250 mg/l), 0.06% (150 mg/l), 0.02% (50 mg/l), 0.008% (20 mg/L) and 0.004% (10 mg/l) concentrations relative to the working dilutions of viral suspensions: for the Aujeszky's disease virus -5.3 CPE 50 /ml -for swine enzootic encephalomyelitis virus -5.5 CPE 50 /ml, for rabies virus -5.5 TCID 50 /ml. The results of the study showed that Diolide disinfectant is non-toxic to transplanted SPEV and BHK-21/C13 cell cultures in 0.1% (250 mg/l), 0.06% (150 mg/l), 0.02% (50 mg/l), 0.008% (20 mg/l) and 0.004% (10 mg/l) concentrations of chlorine dioxide. The preparation is 100% virucidal against enveloped viruses such as Aujeszky's disease virus (Arsky strain) and rabies virus (CVS-11 strain) in concentrations from 0.1% (250 mg/l) to 0.004% (10 mg/l) when exposed for 30-60 minutes under protein load conditions. It has 100% virucidal activity against the shell-free enzootic encephalomyelitis virus of swine (Perechinsky-642 strain) in concentrations from 0.1% (250 mg/l) to 0.004% (10 mg/l) at an exposure of 60 minutes and in concentrations from 0.1% (250 mg/l) to 0.008% (20 mg/l) at an exposure of 30 minutes under protein load conditions. The coefficient of reduction of infectious activity of the enzootic encephalomyelitis virus of swine (Perechinsky-642 strain) established in experiments after 30 minutes of exposure with the Diolide disinfectant at a concentration of 0.004% (10 mg/l) under protein load conditions exceeded 4 lg (4.47 lg CPE 50 /0.02 m...

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Effectiveness and real-world materials compatibility of a novel hydrogen peroxide disinfectant cleaner

Cited by 17 publications

References 9 publications

Dry surface biofilm formation byCandida aurisfacilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite

Dry surface biofilm formation byCandida aurisfacilitates persistence and tolerance to sodium hypochlorite

Technologies to decontaminate bacterial biofilm on hospital surfaces: a potential new role for cold plasma?

Toxicity and Virucidal Activity of Chlorine Dioxide Disinfectant

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